Developmental Psychology - Early Childhood Part 5
This deck covers key concepts in developmental psychology related to early childhood, including reinforcement, punishment, parenting styles, moral reasoning, and prosocial behavior.
– may be tangible or intangible; it must be seen as rewarding and received fairly consistently after showing desired behavior
o External Reinforcements
Key Terms
– may be tangible or intangible; it must be seen as rewarding and received fairly consistently after showing desired behavior
o External Reinforcements
a sense of pleasure or accomplishment
o Internal Reinforcements Punishment, if consistent, immediate, and clearly tied to the offense, may be effective
the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain but not injury for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior
• Corporal Punishment
designed to encourage desirable behavior or discourage undesirable behavior by settling limits, demonstrating logical consequences of the action, explaining, discussing, etc.
o Inductive Techniques • To consider how her actions would affect others
intended to stop or discourage undesirable behavior through physical or verbal enforcement
o Power Assertion
include ignoring, isolating, or showing dislike for a child
o Withdrawal of Love
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
– may be tangible or intangible; it must be seen as rewarding and received fairly consistently after showing desired behavior | o External Reinforcements |
a sense of pleasure or accomplishment | o Internal Reinforcements Punishment, if consistent, immediate, and clearly tied to the offense, may be effective |
the use of physical force with the intention of causing a child to experience pain but not injury for the purpose of correction or control of the child’s behavior | • Corporal Punishment |
designed to encourage desirable behavior or discourage undesirable behavior by settling limits, demonstrating logical consequences of the action, explaining, discussing, etc. | o Inductive Techniques • To consider how her actions would affect others |
intended to stop or discourage undesirable behavior through physical or verbal enforcement | o Power Assertion |
include ignoring, isolating, or showing dislike for a child | o Withdrawal of Love |
o Types of Child Maltreatment | 1) Physical Abuse – infliction of physical injury 2) Child Neglect – failure to provide child’s basic needs 3) Sexual Abuse 4) Emotional Abuse – acts or omissions by parents or other caregivers that have caused or could cause, serious behavioral, cognitive, or emotional problems |
Parenting Styles | a. Authoritarian – emphasizes control and unquestioning obedience, high control, low responsiveness b. Permissive/Indulgent – make few demands, warm, noncontrolling, low control, high responsiveness c. Authoritative – emphasizes child’s individuality but also stress limits, high control, high responsiveness d. Neglectful or Uninvolved – parents neglect children; low control, low responsiveness |
motivation to help another person with no expectation of reward | o Altruism |
voluntary, positive actions to help others | o Prosocial Behavior |
used aggression as a tool to gain access to a wanted object | o Instrumental Aggression • Overt (Direct) Aggression – boys; tend to openly direct aggressive acts at a target • Relational Aggression – more subtle; indirect social aggression |
o Piaget’s Moral Reasoning | Heteronomous Morality Autonomous Morality |
children think of justice and rules as unchangeable properties of the world, removed from the control of people Heteronomous Morality | • 4-7 years of age • Consider its consequences, not its intentions • “law is law” the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will happen immediately• Immanent Justice – the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will happen immediately • From 7-10 yrs old, children are in transition showing some features of the first stage of moral reasoning and some stages of the second |
the concept that if a rule is broken, punishment will happen immediately | • Immanent Justice |
becomes aware with the rules and laws created by people, and in judging an action they consider the actor’s intentions as well as the consequences | Autonomous Morality • 10 yrs and older • Intentions are considered o Conscience – refers to an internal regulation of standards of right and wrong that involves integration of all three components of moral development |
refers to an internal regulation of standards of right and wrong that involves integration of all three components of moral development | o Conscience |