Developmental Psychology - Infancy Part 3
This deck covers key concepts in developmental psychology related to infancy, focusing on sleep, cognitive development, sensory perception, and early learning processes.
sleep replenishes and rebuilds the brain and the body such as clearing out neural tissues
o Restorative Perspective
Key Terms
sleep replenishes and rebuilds the brain and the body such as clearing out neural tissues
o Restorative Perspective
sleep is critical for brain plasticity, i.e., increases synaptic connections between neurons which is linked to improved consolidation of memories
o Plasticity Perspective
Newborns sleep approx. 18 hrs/day T or F?
True bakit? tanga ka ba
no eye movement and sleep is more quiet
o Non-REM Sleep
the eyes flutter beneath the closed lids ▪ Usually appears 1 hr after non-rem (adults)
o Rapid Eye Movement (REM Sleep)
There is a Negative link between infant sleep and cognitive functioning T or F
False, Positive link tanga ka ba?
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
sleep replenishes and rebuilds the brain and the body such as clearing out neural tissues | o Restorative Perspective |
sleep is critical for brain plasticity, i.e., increases synaptic connections between neurons which is linked to improved consolidation of memories | o Plasticity Perspective |
Newborns sleep approx. 18 hrs/day T or F? | True bakit? tanga ka ba |
no eye movement and sleep is more quiet | o Non-REM Sleep |
the eyes flutter beneath the closed lids ▪ Usually appears 1 hr after non-rem (adults) | o Rapid Eye Movement (REM Sleep) |
There is a Negative link between infant sleep and cognitive functioning T or F | False, Positive link tanga ka ba? |
used to chart progress between ages 1 month and 6 years and to identify children who are not developing normally | o Denver Developmental Screening Test (▪ Measures Gross Motor Skills (using large muscles), Fine Motor Skills (using small muscles), Language Development, Personality, and Social Development ) |
helps babies learn to judge distances and perceive depth | o Crawling |
babies learn to look at caregivers for clues as to whether a situation is secure or frightening | o Social Referencing |
enable infants to learn about themselves and their environment so they can make better judgements about how to navigate in it | o Sensory Perception |
– the use of eyes to guide the movements of the hands | o Visual Guidance |
the ability to perceive objects and surfaces in three dimensions | o Depth Perception |
produced by movement of the object or the observer or both | o Kinetic Cues |
ability to acquire information by handling objects rather than just looking at them | o Haptic Perception |
dynamic process that is linked with sensory information in the skin, joints, and muscles which tell us where we are in space | o Posture |
sensory stimulation is changing but perception of the physical world remains constant | o Perceptual Constancy ▪ Allows infants to perceive that their world as stable |
recognition that an object remains the same even though the retinal image of the object changes as you move toward or away from the object | ▪ Size Constancy |
an object remains the same shape even though its orientation changes | ▪ Shape Constancy |
– a person learns to make a reflex, or involuntary, response to a stimulus that originally did not bring about the response | o Classical Conditioning |
if the conditioned learning is not reinforced by repeated association | o Extinction |
focuses on the consequences of behaviors and how they affect the likelihood of the behavior occurring again | o Operant Conditioning o Babies were able to use contextual cues (e.g., odor) to retrieve memories o Infant memory is context-dependent and appears to be strongly linked to the original cues encoded during learning |
presumed to be goal-oriented, meaning it exists for the purposes of attaining a goal | o Intelligent Behavior |
consists of questions or tasks that are supposed to show how much of the measured abilities a person has by comparing that person’s performance with norms | o IQ Tests |
developmental test designed to assess children from 1 month to 3 ½ years | o Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (▪ Cognitive, Language, Motor, Social-Emotional, and Adaptive Behavior) ▪ Accompanied by Behavior Rating Scale taken from the caregiver |
trained observers interview the primary caregiver and rate on a yes-or-no checklist the intellectual stimulation and support observed in a child’s home | o Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) ▪ Number of books and toys, parents involvement with the child, parental emotional and verbal responsiveness, acceptance of the child’s behavior, organization of the environment, and opportunities for daily and varied stimulation |