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Digestive System Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology24 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the digestive system, focusing on the processes and functions of various digestive organs.

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What is gastric juice? What does it contain?

Gastric juice is secreted by the stomach lining and contains HCl (hydrochloric acid) and pepsin.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is gastric juice? What does it contain?
Gastric juice is secreted by the stomach lining and contains HCl (hydrochloric acid) and pepsin.
What happens in mechanical digestion in the stomach? Chemical digestion?
Mech: Smooth muscle contractions in the stomach churns food to break it down, and mixes it with digestive juices. Chem: The stomach lining secretes ga...
What happens after the food gets digested in the stomach?
Peristaltic actions push the chyme against the sphincter that separates the stomach and the small intestine. Chyme squirts into the small intestine.
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
Mucus protects the stomach from its own acidic environment.
What are the mechanical and chemical digestion processes in the small intestine?
Mech: Muscular contractions break down food and mixes it with digestive enzymes, bile, and hormones. Chem: Enzymes, bile, and hormones finish the dige...
Where does most digestion take place? Describe the organ.
Most digestion takes place in the small intestine, which is a long, narrow tube.
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Digestive System Part 2
TermDefinition
What is gastric juice? What does it contain?
Gastric juice is secreted by the stomach lining and contains HCl (hydrochloric acid) and pepsin.
What happens in mechanical digestion in the stomach? Chemical digestion?
Mech: Smooth muscle contractions in the stomach churns food to break it down, and mixes it with digestive juices. Chem: The stomach lining secretes gastric acid. Digestive juices and enzymes turn the bolus into chyme (semi-liquid).
What happens after the food gets digested in the stomach?
Peristaltic actions push the chyme against the sphincter that separates the stomach and the small intestine. Chyme squirts into the small intestine.
What is the function of mucus in the stomach?
Mucus protects the stomach from its own acidic environment.
What are the mechanical and chemical digestion processes in the small intestine?
Mech: Muscular contractions break down food and mixes it with digestive enzymes, bile, and hormones. Chem: Enzymes, bile, and hormones finish the digestion of protein, sugars, and fats.
Where does most digestion take place? Describe the organ.
Most digestion takes place in the small intestine, which is a long, narrow tube.
What flows through ducts to the duodenum to help complete digestion?
Enzymes and hormones from the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
What does the pancreas release when chyme first enters the small intestine?
An alkaline fluid to help neutralize the acid and stop the action of pepsin. Also releases enzymes to further break down starches into sugars.
What does lipase do? What organ produces it?
Lipase, which is produced by the pancreas, splits fat into fatty acids and smaller molecules.
What does liver produce? What does it do?
The liver produces bile, which helps to further break down/digest fats.
What organ stores bile?
Gallbladder.
What is the pancreas?
A small gland located behind the stomach.
What is absorption?
Absorption is the process by which nutrients move out of the digestive organs and into the circulatory and lymphatic systems.
What are the three main structures of the small intestine, and what is their purpose?
Villi, microvilli, and lining absorb most of the nutrients from chyme.
Why is the lining of the small intestine ridged and folded?
To increase surface area, and slow the passage of material through the small intestine. This allows for a greater absorption of nutrients.
What are villi? What do they do?
Villi are small fingerlike projections, covered with epithelial cells, that absorb nutrients. They cover the folds of the small intestine lining.
What are microvilli? What do they do?
Microvilli are thousands of tiny projections on the villi, which add even more surface area to absorb nutrients.
In what three organs are nutrients absorbed in the small intestine?
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
What is absorbed by the villi in the duodenum? Where do the nutrients go?
Most simple sugars, amino acids, and minerals (calcium, iron) are absorbed by the villi in the duodenum. The nutrients are then diffused into the circulatory system and are distributed throughout the body.
What is absorbed by the villi in the jujenum? Where do the nutrients go?
The villi in the jujenum absorb glucose, amino acids, vitamin C, most B vitamins, some water. These nutrients are then diffused into the circulatory system and are distributed throughout the body.
What is absorbed by the villi in the ileum? Where do the nutrients go?
The villi in the ileum absorb fat soluble vitamins, vitamin B12, fatty acids, cholesterol, and some water. The nutrients empty into the lymph and blood vessels and are distributed to the cells.
What leaves the small intestine and enters the liver? What do enzymes in the liver do? What is stored in the liver tissues?
Nutrient rich blood. Enzymes in the liver use some nutrients to build more complex molecules. Some nutrients are also stored in the liver tissues.
What does the large intestine/colon do?
The large intestine/colon absorbs water to maintain the body's fluid balance.
What does the remaining undigested material in the large intestine form? What is it called, where it is stored and how is it excreted?
The remaining undigested material forms a solid mass called feces. The feces is stored in the rectum, and eliminated through the anus.