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Endocrine System Review Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology21 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts and definitions related to the endocrine system, including hormones, glands, and feedback mechanisms.

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endocrine system

a collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
endocrine system
a collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis
hormones
chemical 'messengers' of the endocrine system that are released into the blood
protein hormones
class of hormones that cannot pass through the cell membrane; less likely to be stored in the body
steroid hormone
class of hormones that can pass through the cell membrane; can be stored in the body
prostaglandins
local hormones that do not enter the bloodstream
positive feedback
Process that amplifies a small change (Reinforce change)
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Endocrine System Review Part 1
TermDefinition
endocrine system
a collection of glands and groups of cells that secrete hormones that regulate growth, development, and homeostasis
hormones
chemical 'messengers' of the endocrine system that are released into the blood
protein hormones
class of hormones that cannot pass through the cell membrane; less likely to be stored in the body
steroid hormone
class of hormones that can pass through the cell membrane; can be stored in the body
prostaglandins
local hormones that do not enter the bloodstream
positive feedback
Process that amplifies a small change (Reinforce change)
negative feedback
a response that opposes the original stimulus
one messenger model
mechanism of hormone action used by steroid hormones which bring their message directly into the cell
two messenger model
mechanism of hormone action used by protein hormones; attach to cell membrane receptors which activate enzymes in the cell to produce the desired effect
hypersecretion
excessive hormone production by an endocrine gland
hyposecretion
deficient hormone production by an endocrine gland
pituitary gland
the master gland of the endocrine system
growth hormone
hormone secreted by anterior pituitary gland that stimulates growth of bones
luteinizing hormone
A protein hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary that stimulates ovulation in females and androgen production in males.
Prolactin
Peptide hormone released by anterior pituitary which promotes lactation.
follicle stimulating hormone
secreted in increasing amounts during puberty, by the anterior pituitary gland, to stimulate development of reproductive cell follicles
adrenocorticotropic hormone
A peptide hormone released from the anterior pituitary, it stimulates the production and secretion of steroid hormones by the adrenal cortex.
oxytocin
A hormone produced by the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary. It induces contractions of the uterine muscles during labor.
antidiuretic hormone
hormone secreted by the posterior pituitary gland which aids in water reabsorption by the kidney
hypothalamus
part of the brain which links the endocrine and nervous system, and controls the pituitary gland.
acromegaly
Hypersecretion of the GH in adults which causes an overgrowth of bones in the hands, feet, and face