Eukaryotic Cell Cycle and Division Part 2
This deck covers key checkpoints in the eukaryotic cell cycle, the role of proteins like kinases and cyclins, external signals regulating cell division, and the impact of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes on cancer development.
What are the "Questions" that a cell must "answer" during each of the following checkpoints:
G1/S checkpoint
-(during G1, before S): if certain signals aren't present, DNA doesn't replicate and cell goes to nondividing G0 phase (most cells)
Key Terms
What are the "Questions" that a cell must "answer" during each of the following checkpoints:
G1/S checkpoint
-(during G1, before S): if certain signals aren't present, DNA doesn't replicate and cell goes to nondividing G0 phase (most cells)
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are the "Questions" that a cell must "answer" during each of the following checkpoints: | -(during G1, before S): if certain signals aren't present, DNA doesn't replicate and cell goes to nondividing G0 phase (most cells) |
What are the 'Questions' that a cell must 'answer' during each of the following checkpoints: G2 checkpoint | -proteins like kinases and cyclins check to make sure DNA isn't damaged, if DNA is good MPF (mitosis promoting factor) is made which moves cell into mitosis |
What are the 'Questions' that a cell must 'answer' during each of the following checkpoints: Spindle checkpoint | -sensor molecules make sure every kinetochore is attached to a spindle so all the chromosomes are lined up on the metaphase plate (daughter cells could have an unequal # of chromosomes), if good anaphase happens |
Diagram the relationship between cdK, and cyclin. | -sensor molecules make sure every kinetochore is attached to a spindle so all the chromosomes are lined up on the metaphase plate (daughter cells could have an unequal # of chromosomes), if good anaphase happens |
Give an example of an external signal that regulates cell division and explain how it works. | -platelet-derived growth factor is released near injuries to heal wounds by letting fibroblast (connective tissue) cells pass the G1 checkpoint
-anchorage dependence (inhibitor): animal cells must be attached to something (e.g. petri dish) to divide
-density-dependent inhibition: cultured cells stop dividing once they form a single layer
(ECM/extracellular matrix passes inhibition signals between cells) |
Compare and contrast the functions of proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Give an example of each and explain why mutations in these genes can lead to cancer. | -proto-oncogenes:stimulate cell division; mutation=on
-tumor suppressor genes: inhibit cell division; mutation=off
Ex. p53: inhibitor protein that is disabled by cancer |