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Genetics Review Unit 8 Science Part 1

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This deck covers key concepts in genetics, including definitions of genes and alleles, Mendelian inheritance, and genetic crosses.

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What is the difference between a gene and an allele?

A gene is a stretch of DNA or RNA that determines a certain trait. Genes mutate and can take two or more alternative forms; an allele is one of these forms of a gene. For example, the gene for eye color has several variations (alleles) such as an allele for blue eye color or an allele for brown eyes.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
A gene is a stretch of DNA or RNA that determines a certain trait. Genes mutate and can take two or more alternative forms; an allele is one of these ...
Whats the difference between phenotype and genotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism while phenotype is the physical characteristics
What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele?
Dominant masks the expression of an alternate gene and appears in the heterozygous condition. Recessive is an allele that is masked by the dominant al...
Who was Gregor Mendel and why is he famous?
Gregor mendel worked with pure lines of peas for 8 years he got famous because he looked for different characteristics and identified how they are rec...
What were Mendel's experiments and what data did he collect from them?
He studied a pure line pease and looked for different characteristics in it, his research concluded that the parents influence the the peas characteri...
Why did Mendel select Pea Plants for his experiments? What advantage did the plants offer Mendel for his experiment?
He selected peas because they grow quickly and they have many characteristics to look at
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Genetics Review Unit 8 Science Part 1
TermDefinition
What is the difference between a gene and an allele?
A gene is a stretch of DNA or RNA that determines a certain trait. Genes mutate and can take two or more alternative forms; an allele is one of these forms of a gene. For example, the gene for eye color has several variations (alleles) such as an allele for blue eye color or an allele for brown eyes.
Whats the difference between phenotype and genotype?
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism while phenotype is the physical characteristics
What is the difference between a dominant and a recessive allele?
Dominant masks the expression of an alternate gene and appears in the heterozygous condition. Recessive is an allele that is masked by the dominant allele and only appears in homozygous.
Who was Gregor Mendel and why is he famous?
Gregor mendel worked with pure lines of peas for 8 years he got famous because he looked for different characteristics and identified how they are recessive and dominant
What were Mendel's experiments and what data did he collect from them?
He studied a pure line pease and looked for different characteristics in it, his research concluded that the parents influence the the peas characteristics and some characteristics are dominant while others are recessive
Why did Mendel select Pea Plants for his experiments? What advantage did the plants offer Mendel for his experiment?
He selected peas because they grow quickly and they have many characteristics to look at
What do the terms heterozygous and homozygous mean?
Hetero means different while homo means the same
Why do we have to specify 'dominant' or 'recessive' with homozygous but not heterozygous?
Because homo has the same traits while in hetero the dominant trait always comes first
What is a Punnett Square? What information can it provide about parents and their offspring?
A punnett square helps us identify which traits the offspring will get and what is recessive and dominants. It can identify the genotype and phenotype of the offspring
What is a monohybrid cross?
Cross with 'one trait'
What do we mean by 'complex' inheritance or 'non-mendelian' inheritance?
Non mendelian inheritance is when there is any pattern in which traits do not segregate in accordance to mendel's laws
law of independent assortment
the law that states that genes separate independently of one another in meiosis (alleles of different traits/genes separate independently from each other)
Law of Segregation
Mendelian law stating that two alleles for each trait separate during meiosis (alleles separate during gamete formation)
rule of dominance
a dominant allele will overpower a recessive allele
rule of unit factors
each organism has two alleles for each trait
What is the difference between codominant and incomplete dominant inheritance?
in incomplete dominance no allele for a trait is dominant, or recessives. In codominant both alleles for a trait are dominant
What is the difference between a heterozygote of a trait that is codominant vs incomplete dominant?
It cant be heterozygote and codominant because then both traits would be dominant, in incomplete dominant it also cant be heterozygote because it is neither dominant or recessive.
What is X-linked inheritance? How come it is important to note what traits are inherited on an X-chromosome (as opposed to saying '3rd chromosome linked' etc)?
X-Linked is a inheritance that is attached to a certain sex linked gene in which is only appears in either female or male. It is important to know if it it's sex linked or not because it helps identify who has it and helps infinity if it's possible for an individual to have it.

1.) A dominant allele/trait is one that always shows up more often in a population
2.) An allele is the same as a gene, but merely a different version of the gene
3.) A genotype is the physical expression of the DNA an organism shows
4.) Genetics is the branch of biology that involves the study of how different traits are transmitted from one generation to the next
5.) A heterozygous individual of a dominant/recessive trait will display the dominant trait in their phenotype
6.) For F = furry and f = non furry; a homozygous dominant and a homozygous recessive parent will always have furry children
7.) Pedigrees show how a certain trait relates to the phenotype of each member of a family
8.) Punnett Squares show that it only takes having 4 offspring to come up with all possible combinations of alleles
9.) The law of independent assortment states that ALL traits are inherited separately from one another

1.) T, 2.)T, 3.)F, 4.)T, 5.)T, 6.)T, 7.)T, 8.)F, 9.)T

A stretch of DNA that determines a certain trait be describes a(n)?
Chromosome
The _________ is the physical expression of traits
phenotype
When an organism has two different alleles for the same gene, it is called:
heterozygous
Parents that breed and are the same except for one trait would create a:
Dihybrid cross
Which of the following is an example of a homozygous recessive individual?
aa
Which of the following is an example of a heterozygous individual?
AB