Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /GRE® Psychology Biological: Physiological/Behavioral Neuroscience Part 12
GRE® Psychology Biological: Physiological/Behavioral Neuroscience Part 12
This deck covers key concepts in physiological and behavioral neuroscience, including theories of emotion, brain structures involved in emotion and memory, and the role of different brain areas in cognitive processes.
What is the main premise of the James-Lange theory of emotion?
Emotions arise from physiological responses to external stimuli. The James-Lange theory suggests that our experience of emotion is the result of our interpretation of bodily reactions to stimuli.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is the main premise of the James-Lange theory of emotion?
Emotions arise from physiological responses to external stimuli. The James-Lange theory suggests that our experience of emotion is the result of our i...
True or false: The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously.
True The Cannon-Bard theory argues that the brain sends signals simultaneously to the cortex and the autonomic nervous system, resulting in the experi...
According to the Schachter-Singer theory, what two factors are essential for experiencing emotion?
Physiological arousal; Cognitive labeling; Also known as the two-factor theory, it suggests that emotion is based on physiological arousal and the cog...
Fill in the blanks: The Yerkes-Dodson law states that there is an _____ __-___ relationship between arousal and performance.
inverted U-shaped; Performance increases with arousal only up to a point, after which it decreases, indicating that moderate arousal leads to optimal ...
How does the appraisal model of emotion (Lazarus) differ from other theories?
It emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Lazarus's model posits that emotions are determined by an individual's assessment of a situa...
What role do the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala play in emotion regulation?
The PFC regulates emotional responses. The amygdala processes emotional stimuli. The interaction between the PFC and amygdala is crucial for modulatin...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the main premise of the James-Lange theory of emotion? | Emotions arise from physiological responses to external stimuli. The James-Lange theory suggests that our experience of emotion is the result of our interpretation of bodily reactions to stimuli. |
True or false: The Cannon-Bard theory proposes that emotions and physiological responses occur simultaneously. | True The Cannon-Bard theory argues that the brain sends signals simultaneously to the cortex and the autonomic nervous system, resulting in the experience of emotion and physiological arousal at the same time. |
According to the Schachter-Singer theory, what two factors are essential for experiencing emotion? | Physiological arousal; Cognitive labeling; Also known as the two-factor theory, it suggests that emotion is based on physiological arousal and the cognitive interpretation of that arousal. |
Fill in the blanks: The Yerkes-Dodson law states that there is an _____ __-___ relationship between arousal and performance. | inverted U-shaped; Performance increases with arousal only up to a point, after which it decreases, indicating that moderate arousal leads to optimal performance. |
How does the appraisal model of emotion (Lazarus) differ from other theories? | It emphasizes the role of cognitive appraisal in emotion. Lazarus's model posits that emotions are determined by an individual's assessment of a situation and the perceived significance of that situation. |
What role do the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and amygdala play in emotion regulation? | The PFC regulates emotional responses. The amygdala processes emotional stimuli. The interaction between the PFC and amygdala is crucial for modulating emotions and controlling responses to emotional stimuli. |
What is the function of the nucleus accumbens in motivation? | It is involved in the brain's reward pathway and processes pleasure and reinforcement. The nucleus accumbens is a key component of the brain's reward circuit, playing a significant role in motivation, pleasure, and addiction. |
What brain circuits are primarily involved in working memory? | Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) circuits The dorsolateral PFC is crucial for the temporary storage and manipulation of information, which are key components of working memory. This region helps in tasks that require holding and processing information simultaneously. |
True or false: The dorsal stream is primarily involved in processing 'where' information in visual attention. | True The dorsal stream, also known as the 'where' pathway, helps in processing spatial awareness and the location of objects, while the ventral stream is responsible for identifying 'what' the objects are. |
Fill in the blank: The connectivity between ________ area and Wernicke's area is crucial for language processing. | Broca's Broca's area, located in the frontal lobe, is essential for speech production, while Wernicke's area, in the temporal lobe, is important for language comprehension. Their connectivity facilitates coherent language processing. |
Differentiate between the hippocampal memory system and procedural memory. | Hippocampal memory: Involves explicit, declarative memory, such as facts and events. Procedural memory: Involves implicit, non-declarative memory, like skills and habits. The hippocampus is vital for forming new memories and is associated with conscious recollection, while procedural memory is managed by other brain areas like the basal ganglia and cerebellum and involves unconscious recall. |
What role does the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) play in executive control and inhibition? | • error detection • conflict monitoring • adaptive control The ACC helps in focusing attention, managing conflicting information, and regulating emotional responses, making it integral to cognitive control and decision-making processes. |
Which memory system is primarily associated with the dorsolateral PFC? | • Working memory The dorsolateral PFC is responsible for maintaining and manipulating information over short periods, playing a critical role in tasks that require working memory. |
What is the primary characteristic of a hypnotic state? | • increased suggestibility During hypnosis, individuals are more open to suggestions, which can alter perceptions, feelings, and behaviors. This state is achieved through relaxation and focused attention. |