Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /GRE® Psychology Biological: Physiological/Behavioral Neuroscience Part 4
GRE® Psychology Biological: Physiological/Behavioral Neuroscience Part 4
This deck covers key concepts in physiological and behavioral neuroscience, focusing on brain structures, functions, and related psychological research.
Who was Thomas Bouchard and why was his research important?
Thomas Bouchard was a psychologist who studied identical twins raised in different families versus twins raised in the same home. His research was important when considering the nature/nurture argument. Twins had enough similarities in personality and IQ to suggest a nature component Twins raised in different homes also showed enough differences to suggest that nurture (or environment) was a factor in development of personality and intelligence
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Who was Thomas Bouchard and why was his research important?
Thomas Bouchard was a psychologist who studied identical twins raised in different families versus twins raised in the same home. His research was imp...
Explain the function of the following part of a neuron: nodes of Ranvier
The gap between adjacent myelinated segments on the axon.
What are the parts of the mesencephalon (midbrain)?
tectum and the tegmentum
What is the purpose of the tectum?
It includes the inferior and superior colliculi, controls vision and audition.
What is the purpose of the tegmentum?
It is home to the remainder of the reticular formation and helps control the sensorimotor system.
What does gray matter consist of?
cell bodies and dendrites
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Who was Thomas Bouchard and why was his research important? | Thomas Bouchard was a psychologist who studied identical twins raised in different families versus twins raised in the same home. His research was important when considering the nature/nurture argument. Twins had enough similarities in personality and IQ to suggest a nature component Twins raised in different homes also showed enough differences to suggest that nurture (or environment) was a factor in development of personality and intelligence |
Explain the function of the following part of a neuron: nodes of Ranvier | The gap between adjacent myelinated segments on the axon. |
What are the parts of the mesencephalon (midbrain)? | tectum and the tegmentum |
What is the purpose of the tectum? | It includes the inferior and superior colliculi, controls vision and audition. |
What is the purpose of the tegmentum? | It is home to the remainder of the reticular formation and helps control the sensorimotor system. |
What does gray matter consist of? | cell bodies and dendrites |
What makes up white matter in the brain? | • myelin sheathing • axon bundles • nerve fibers |
What are the divisions of the forebrain? | 1. diencephalon 2. telencephalon |
The posterior part of the forebrain, the diencephalon, contains what two brain parts? | the thalamus and the hypothalamus |
The frontal portion of the forebrain, the telencephalon, contains what parts of the brain? | 1. the limbic system 2. hippocampus 3. amygdala 4. cingulate gyrus |
What connects the corticospinal tract, also known as the pyramidal tract? | the brain and the spine |
What does the pituitary gland do? | controls the other glands within the hormonal and endocrine systems |
What part of the brain is implicated in the direction of attention and emotion? | cingulate gyrus |
What do the superior colliculi control? | The direction of visual gaze and direction of visual attention to stimuli. |
What do the inferior colliculi do? | It receives auditory information, particularly for determining the direction and spatial location of sounds in the environment. |
What do the dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid make up and what do they do? | These three sheets of tissue comprise the meninges, which surround and protect the brain and spinal cord. |
How does the blood-brain barrier help protect the brain from toxic intruders? | The blood-brain barrier is a tightly-formed group of endothelial cells in blood vessels that makes it difficult for larger, potentially toxic molecules within the blood stream to enter the brain. |
What are ventricles? | These are fluid-filled cavities that prevent the brain from shock by acting as a cushion. |
What do the basal ganglia include? | • caudate nucleus • putamen • globus pallidus • substantia nigra |
What is the function of the basal ganglia, and what can happen when they are not working properly? | The basal ganglia help control motor function, so improper functioning can be linked to Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases. |
What are the parts of the cerebral cortex? | • frontal lobe • parietal lobe • occipital lobe • temporal lobe • neocortex • gyri and sulci |
How many layers does the neocortex have? | six |
What are the bumps and ridges in the brain called? | Bumps are gyri (singular: gyrus) and furrows or fissures are sulci (singular: sulcus). |
What are the parts of the brain called that are linked with certain responses to stimuli? | cortical association areas |
Explain the dysfunction: apraxia | An impairment in ability to start and organize voluntary movements (no muscle paralysis involved). |