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GRE® Psychology Clinical: Personality Part 2
This deck covers key concepts from the GRE Psychology Clinical section focusing on personality theories, including those of Carl Jung, Alfred Adler, Abraham Maslow, Carl Rogers, and social-cognitive theories.
Fill in the blank: Carl Jung's theory of personality is based on the idea that the mind comprises pairs of __________ ______.
opposing forces
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Fill in the blank: Carl Jung's theory of personality is based on the idea that the mind comprises pairs of __________ ______.
opposing forces
What is the persona, according to Carl Jung's theory?
The mask that each person presents to the outside world.
Fill in the blank: Carl Jung would describe the dark, passionate, more primordial parts of someone as that person's __________.
shadow
Fill in the blanks: According to Jung, each person contains a female and a male side to our personality, or a/an _______ and ________.
anima; animus
According to Jung's theory, what is the purpose of the self?
To balance the opposing forces and the desires of the mind.
What are the two divisions of unconsciousness in Jung's theory?
1. personal unconsciousness 2. collective unconscious
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Fill in the blank: Carl Jung's theory of personality is based on the idea that the mind comprises pairs of __________ ______. | opposing forces |
What is the persona, according to Carl Jung's theory? | The mask that each person presents to the outside world. |
Fill in the blank: Carl Jung would describe the dark, passionate, more primordial parts of someone as that person's __________. | shadow |
Fill in the blanks: According to Jung, each person contains a female and a male side to our personality, or a/an _______ and ________. | anima; animus |
According to Jung's theory, what is the purpose of the self? | To balance the opposing forces and the desires of the mind. |
What are the two divisions of unconsciousness in Jung's theory? | 1. personal unconsciousness 2. collective unconscious |
What comprises the personal unconsciousness? | repressed memories; clusters of thought |
What can be found in the collective unconscious? | Behavior and memory common to all humans and passed down from our ancient and common ancestors, archetypes. |
How are archetypes, found in the collective unconscious, characterized? | The behaviors and memories in the collective unconscious, these are usually emotionally-laden thoughts or images. |
Fill in the blank: Alfred Adler's theory of personality speculated that children develop feelings of ________ due to their size and level of competence, and they spend the rest of their lives trying to overcome it. | inferiority |
Fill in the blanks: According to Adler, the best way to overcome inferiority is through development of __________ __________; failure to do so could result in the development of a(n) __________ __________. | social interest; inferiority complex |
What do the humanistic theories of personality emphasize? | The uniqueness and richness of being human are central to humanistic theories, which focus on individuals' potential for growth, self-awareness, creativity, and the pursuit of meaning. |
What two aspects do the humanistic theories focus on? | 1. subjective reality 2. subjective mental events |
According to Abraham Maslow's humanist perspective, what is the ultimate purpose for existence? | self-actualization |
What characterizes self-actualization? | Creatively becoming the person you are capable of being to your highest potential. Very few people reach this level in Maslow's system. |
Name two humanistic theorists. | 1. Abraham Maslow 2. Carl Rogers |
What is the self-concept? | The mental representation of who we feel we truly are. |
Fill in the blank: According to Rogers, ________ __ ______ distort our self-concept. | conditions of worth |
Fill in the blank: In Rogerian theory, ________ _______ ________ is a trait of the therapist that creates a system in which the client feels safe and can speak freely. | unconditional positive regard |
What do social-cognitive theories assume about personality? | That cognitive constructs are the basis of the personality. |
In social-cognitive theory, how are constructs developed and modified? | Through learning in social environments. |
Fill in the blank: Albert Bandura focused on the idea of _____-_____ as central to personality. | self-efficacy |
What does self-efficacy encompass? | One's beliefs about his/her own abilities in a given situation. |
Which social-cognitive theory of personality, proposed by Julian Rotter, believes that effort has a major role in personality? | locus of control theory |
What is the difference between people who have an internal locus of control and those who have an external locus of control? | Those with an internal locus of control believe that successes or failures are a direct result of their efforts. Those with an external locus of control are more likely to attribute successes or failures to luck or chance. |