Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /GRE® Psychology Clinical: Personality Part 5
GRE® Psychology Clinical: Personality Part 5
This deck covers key concepts in personality psychology, including theories, personality types, psychological testing methods, and the impact of personality traits on life outcomes.
Define: rational-emotive theory
This is a combination of emotion, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of psychology that operates from the belief that thoughts, together with feelings, create behaviors.
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/25
Key Terms
Term
Definition
Define: rational-emotive theory
This is a combination of emotion, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of psychology that operates from the belief that thoughts, together with feelings,...
Define: ectomorph
In Sheldon's personality system, ectomorphs are people with lanky-thin body-types. These people tend to be reserved, introverted, private, and thought...
Jeff is a man with large forearms and is generally fairly muscular. He is competitive, adventurous, courageous, and often takes risks; which of Sheldon's personality types does he fit?
mesomorph
An endomorph usually has a stout, round, often fatty, body type. These people tend to have what sorts of personality traits?
a fun-loving nature; general good humor; affectionate; tolerance; relaxed
“The same heat that melts the butter hardens the egg.” and “Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to the environments”
Gordon Allport; Personality: A Psychological Interpretation (1937); The same experience (or challenge) that impacts one individual negatively may buil...
William James, author of the classic text Principles of Psychology (1890) is considered to be the father of modern psychology. James' work continues to be well-respected. How does James describe personality?
According to James, personality is an interplay of instincts, habits, and personal choices.
Related Flashcard Decks
Study Tips
- Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
- Review cards regularly to improve retention
- Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
- Share this deck with friends to study together
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Define: rational-emotive theory | This is a combination of emotion, cognitive, and behavioral aspects of psychology that operates from the belief that thoughts, together with feelings, create behaviors. |
Define: ectomorph | In Sheldon's personality system, ectomorphs are people with lanky-thin body-types. These people tend to be reserved, introverted, private, and thoughtful. |
Jeff is a man with large forearms and is generally fairly muscular. He is competitive, adventurous, courageous, and often takes risks; which of Sheldon's personality types does he fit? | mesomorph |
An endomorph usually has a stout, round, often fatty, body type. These people tend to have what sorts of personality traits? | a fun-loving nature; general good humor; affectionate; tolerance; relaxed |
“The same heat that melts the butter hardens the egg.” and “Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to the environments” | Gordon Allport; Personality: A Psychological Interpretation (1937); The same experience (or challenge) that impacts one individual negatively may build strength in another (and vice versa), and a substantial part of what determines how one reacts is one's personality. |
William James, author of the classic text Principles of Psychology (1890) is considered to be the father of modern psychology. James' work continues to be well-respected. How does James describe personality? | According to James, personality is an interplay of instincts, habits, and personal choices. |
Fill in the blanks: Based on Allport's theory, __________ traits are the person's primary characteristics, and traits that constitute interests are __________. | central; secondary |
What is the main difference between self-report and projective methods in psychological testing? | Self-report methods involve individuals providing information about themselves, typically through questionnaires or interviews. Projective methods involve interpreting ambiguous stimuli to uncover unconscious processes. Self-report methods rely on the individual's self-awareness and honesty, whereas projective methods are based on the projection of internal conflicts or desires onto external stimuli. |
True or False: Objective tests are free from examiner bias. | True Objective tests have standardized questions and scoring systems that minimize the influence of the examiner's subjective judgment, making them more reliable. |
Fill in the blank: ______- ______ ______ refers to the consistency of results when a test is administered at different points in time. | Test-retest reliability; Test-retest reliability measures the stability of test scores across repeated applications, indicating the test's temporal stability. |
What is inter-rater reliability? | The degree of agreement among different raters evaluating the same phenomenon. High inter-rater reliability indicates that different judges or observers consistently assess the same characteristic or behavior in a similar manner. |
List two types of validity important in psychological testing. | Construct validity; Criterion validity; Construct validity assesses whether a test measures what it claims to measure, while criterion validity examines how well one measure predicts an outcome based on another, established measure. |
What does norming and standardization ensure in psychological assessments? | They ensure that test results are comparable across different individuals by providing a reference point. Norming involves establishing norms based on test scores from a representative sample, while standardization ensures uniform procedures in test administration and scoring. |
Identify a major inventory used in psychological assessment. | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory | (MMPI) The MMPI is widely used to assess personality structure and psychopathology through a comprehensive set of statements to which individuals respond. |
What type of data is S-data and how is it collected? | It refers to self-report data, which is collected through questionnaires or interviews where individuals provide information about themselves. S-data is valuable for assessing personal beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors directly from the individual's perspective. |
What does I-data stand for in psychological assessments? | Informant data I-data is gathered from knowledgeable informants such as family members or peers who provide information about the individual being assessed, offering an external perspective on their behavior. |
Describe L-data in psychological testing. | L-data, or Life data, encompasses information derived from real-life outcomes and records, such as academic performance or criminal records. L-data provides objective evidence of an individual's life events and achievements, reflecting real-world behavior. |
How does the NEO-PI-R inventory assess personality? | It measures five major domains of personality: Neuroticism; Extraversion; Openness; Agreeableness; Conscientiousness; The NEO-PI-R is based on the Five Factor Model of personality and is used to understand individual differences in personality traits. |
What is the 16PF used for? | To assess personality traits across 16 different dimensions. | (16 Personality Factors Questionnaire) Created by Raymond Cattell, the 16PF helps in understanding an individual's personality profile and is used in various settings, including employment and counseling. |
What is the main focus of the person–situation debate in psychology? | The degree to which a person's behavior is influenced by their personality versus the situation they are in. This debate explores whether consistent traits or environmental contexts are more influential in determining behavior. |
True or False: The consistency paradox suggests that people's behavior is highly consistent across different situations. | False The consistency paradox refers to the observation that people's behavior can vary significantly across different situations, despite having stable personality traits. |
Define: behavioral signatures | Unique patterns of behavior that an individual exhibits in response to specific situations. Behavioral signatures reflect the interaction between a person's stable traits and varying situational contexts, highlighting individuality in behavior. |
What does the predictive validity of traits refer to? | The extent to which personality traits can accurately forecast future behaviors or outcomes. Predictive validity is crucial in assessing how well personality measures can predict real-world phenomena, such as job performance or personal relationships. |
Fill in the blank: Personality traits have been linked to life outcomes such as ______, work, and relationships. | health; Personality traits like conscientiousness and openness can influence health behaviors, career success, and relationship satisfaction. |
What role do personality traits play in work outcomes? | Influence job performance; Affect career satisfaction; Impact leadership potential; Traits such as conscientiousness and emotional stability are often associated with higher job performance and leadership effectiveness. |