Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /GRE® Psychology Developmental: Various Topics Part 4
GRE® Psychology Developmental: Various Topics Part 4
This deck covers key concepts in developmental psychology, including parenting styles, moral development theories, gender identity, and influential psychologists.
What discipline patterns are consistent with authoritative parenting?
Rules that are consistently but fairly enforced. Behavioral standards that are clearly set but encourage a degree of independence from the child. Children of authoritative parents are typically more emotionally controlled and trusting than those from other parenting styles.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What discipline patterns are consistent with authoritative parenting?
Rules that are consistently but fairly enforced. Behavioral standards that are clearly set but encourage a degree of independence from the child. Chil...
What style of parenting is consistent with a lack of defined rules or rules that are inconsistently enforced?
permissive parenting
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross pioneered a theory of social development about the stages of death and dying in which she identified stages of grief. What are the stages?
1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression 5. acceptance
List the six stages and motivators of Kohlberg's moral schema.
Stage 1 : obedience and punishment Stage 2: self-interest Stage 3: conformity and seeking social approval Stage 4: social order Stage 5: social contra...
Level one of Kohlberg's theory of moral development occurs between ages 7 and 10 and is identified by what two-stage system of moral judgment?
preconventional morality
Briefly describe the Heinz dilemma.
The participant is presented with a scenario in which a man named Heinz had a sick wife. The pharmacist has a cure, but he is selling the drug for 10 ...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What discipline patterns are consistent with authoritative parenting? | Rules that are consistently but fairly enforced. Behavioral standards that are clearly set but encourage a degree of independence from the child. Children of authoritative parents are typically more emotionally controlled and trusting than those from other parenting styles. |
What style of parenting is consistent with a lack of defined rules or rules that are inconsistently enforced? | permissive parenting |
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross pioneered a theory of social development about the stages of death and dying in which she identified stages of grief. What are the stages? | 1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression 5. acceptance |
List the six stages and motivators of Kohlberg's moral schema. | Stage 1 : obedience and punishment Stage 2: self-interest Stage 3: conformity and seeking social approval Stage 4: social order Stage 5: social contract Stage 6: universal principles |
Level one of Kohlberg's theory of moral development occurs between ages 7 and 10 and is identified by what two-stage system of moral judgment? | preconventional morality |
Briefly describe the Heinz dilemma. | The participant is presented with a scenario in which a man named Heinz had a sick wife. The pharmacist has a cure, but he is selling the drug for 10 times what it is worth and refuses to give it to Heinz at a cheaper price. The participant is asked is it right or wrong to steal the drug and why? |
What does the Heinz dilemma test? | The way in which the participant defends his/her answers determines which phase of morality they are in. |
What is the difference between stage one and stage two of Kohlberg's stages of preconventional morality? | In stage one, children make judgments motivated by fear, whereas in stage two they make judgments by evaluating benefits and reciprocity. |
Fill in the blank: Kohlberg's level two of moral development is characterized by the utilization of ______ ______ , or the internalization of society's rules and morals. | conventional morality |
In Kohlberg's third level of moral development, which occurs from around age 16 on, the individual adheres to postconventional morality, which is characterized by what? | the development of an internal set of values that may generate occasional conflict with societal values |
Fill in the blank: Carol Gilligan revised Kohlberg's theory in order to place emphasis on the development of ______ ______ as central to moral progress as more important to the moral reasoning of women. | caring relationships |
Fill in the blank: Between ages two and three, children realize they belong to a gender or ______ ______. | gender labeling |
Fill in the blank. At ages three to four, a child is able to predict s/he will still be a boy or a girl as an adult, also called ______ ______. | gender stability |
Fill in the blank: Between ages four and seven, a child realizes that no matter what states occur, gender is permanent, also called ______ ______. | gender consistency |
What did Martin and Haverson propose regarding gender schematic processing theory? | They proposed that once children label themselves with a gender, they begin to pay more attention to that gender's behaviors and stop paying as much attention to the behaviors of the opposite gender. |
True or False: Bandura believed that sexual roles are acquired through social or vicarious learning so that each successive generation provides the model for the following generation. | True |
Puberty is a sexual maturation, marked by the onset of what ability? | The ability to reproduce. |
Fill in the blank: Emerging during puberty, ______ ______ ______, such as the growth of reproductive organs, develop. | primary sex characteristics; Primary sex characteristics = the reproductive organs themselves (ovaries, testes, uterus, penis). These mature during puberty so reproduction becomes possible. |
Fill in the blank: In women, widening of the hips and breast development, would be two features of ______ ______ ______. | secondary sex characteristics Secondary sex characteristics = visible physical changes that are not directly part of reproduction (voice deepening, facial/body hair, breast development, widening of hips). These also appear during puberty under the influence of sex hormones. |
Thomas Hobbes, James Mill, David Hume, and George Berkeley were all members of the British empiricist school of thought; what did these philosophers believe about development? | That one gains knowledge through experience; the more experiences you give a child, the more knowledge s/he will have as an adult. |
Fill in the blank: Locke proposed the idea of ______ ______, which states that all development is the direct result of learning; the organism develops more complex behaviors and cognition because it acquires more associations. | tabula rasa |
Which French philosopher espoused his belief that society is unnecessary to a child's development? | Jean-Jacques Rousseau |
What did Charles Darwin contribute to the changing of the developmental psychological thought? | He contributed detailed observational books of the developmental progress of children, which detailed the relationship between the environment and the individual's changes to adapt to the environment. |
What work earned G. Stanley Hall the title of 'Father of Developmental Psychology'? | He developed and tested a series of questionnaires for children at different ages, and he was the founder of the American Psychological Association. |
Fill in the blank: The psychologist ______ emphasized the role of the environment in shaping a child's behavior, especially the importance of parents in creating well-formed children. | John B. Watson |