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GRE® Psychology Measurement, Methodology and Other: History Part 3
A deck of 20 flashcards covering important historical figures, theories, and concepts in psychology, from Charles Darwin's evolutionary approach to the first accepted psychological laboratory by Wilhelm Wundt.
Who was the inspiration behind the evolutionary approach to psychology?
Charles Darwin; Darwin's theory of natural selection said all creatures have evolved over time in order to survive and reproduce.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Who was the inspiration behind the evolutionary approach to psychology?
Charles Darwin; Darwin's theory of natural selection said all creatures have evolved over time in order to survive and reproduce.
Which psychological approach focuses on thinking, language, and how humans receive, store, and process information?
cognitive
Who first studied the cognitive development of children?
Jean Piaget
Fill in the blank: The structuralists studied consciousness, thinking, and memory. This area of psychology is currently known as __________.
cognition
Which psychological approach does this statement reflect? People from different cultures interpret gestures, body language, and verbal language differently.
sociocultural; These psychologists study how cultural differences affect behavior.
Organize in chronological order from earliest to latest, based on when each became popular: • sociocultural approach • behavioral approach • humanistic approach
1. The behavioral approach became popular in the early 20th century with Pavlov's research. 2. The humanistic approach came about in the mid-20th cent...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Who was the inspiration behind the evolutionary approach to psychology? | Charles Darwin; Darwin's theory of natural selection said all creatures have evolved over time in order to survive and reproduce. |
Which psychological approach focuses on thinking, language, and how humans receive, store, and process information? | cognitive |
Who first studied the cognitive development of children? | Jean Piaget |
Fill in the blank: The structuralists studied consciousness, thinking, and memory. This area of psychology is currently known as __________. | cognition |
Which psychological approach does this statement reflect? People from different cultures interpret gestures, body language, and verbal language differently. | sociocultural; These psychologists study how cultural differences affect behavior. |
Organize in chronological order from earliest to latest, based on when each became popular: • sociocultural approach • behavioral approach • humanistic approach | 1. The behavioral approach became popular in the early 20th century with Pavlov's research. 2. The humanistic approach came about in the mid-20th century in opposition to Behaviorism. 3. Lastly, the sociocultural approach grew toward the end of the century as there were more interactions between different cultures. |
Name three Ancient Greeks who were philosophers who also discussed psychological concepts. | 1. Socrates 2. Plato 3. Aristotle |
Which Scientific Revolution-era thinker discussed mind-body dualism in his philosophical writings? | Rene Descartes |
Fill in the blank: ______ believed that thought and knowledge are not innate and that a human being is born as a tabula rasa. | John Locke |
Who was one of the first thinkers to suggest that our perceptions of sensation are all that we can be sure of? | Thomas Hobbes |
Fill in the blank: _______ was an Enlightenment-era thinker who believed we were active shapers of our own worlds with inborn traits that skew our perceptions. | Immanuel Kant |
Fill in the blanks: _______ was a Viennese scientist who was the first to use hypnotism (which he called _______) to cure mental illness. | Anton Mesmer; Mesmerism Braid, Charcot, and Freud were other pioneering users of hypnosis and hypnotic techniques. |
Fill in the blank: Phrenology, the 'science' that proposed people's personalities were based on their skull shape, was created by ___________. | Franz Joseph Gall |
Who was the first psychologist to use statistics in psychological research, as well as the inventor of the correlation coefficient? | Sir Francis Galton |
Fill in the blank: Gustav Fechner can be considered the founder of ______ ______ because of his use of empirical techniques to study psychological phenomena. | experimental psychology |
Define: eugenics | A biological plan based loosely on genetics that hoped to selectively breed human beings to create the perfect human. |
Who wrote 'Elements of Physiology,' a book that suggested the existence of special nerve energies? | Johannes Muller His theory suggested that nerves will always fire the same way, despite different types of stimulation. |
Fill in the blank: The first accepted psychological laboratory was founded in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt at _________ __ _________ for the purposes of studying consciousness. | University of Leipzig |
Which psychologist based his work on the now-discredited evolutionary work of Lamarck, and suggested that different races passed on their intelligence to future generations? | Herbert Spencer |
Who was one of the founders of our current psychology of perception? | Hermann von Helmholtz |