Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /GRE® Psychology Social: Various Topics Part 3
GRE® Psychology Social: Various Topics Part 3
This deck covers key concepts and studies in social psychology, including theories of deindividuation, attribution, and biases. It highlights influential experiments and the contributions of notable psychologists.
What may cause a person to riot when their favorite team wins a championship?
Deindividuation is the idea that people lose sight of their individual nature when they are excited (positively or negatively) and feel anonymous, as they might feel being a part of a giant fanbase.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What may cause a person to riot when their favorite team wins a championship?
Deindividuation is the idea that people lose sight of their individual nature when they are excited (positively or negatively) and feel anonymous, as ...
What does Zimbardo's prison study suggest about deindividuation?
People adapt to the roles they are given, so context deindividuates people and makes them act in ways they never imagined they would. Participants wer...
Who performed the first official social psychology experiment?
Norman Triplett, 1897 He found that cyclists rode more slowly on their own than they did when other cyclists were riding with them.
Who was Kurt Lewin and what was his contribution to social psychology?
He is frequently credited as being the 'father of social psychology,' and he derived field theory.
What is field theory?
It is Kurt Lewin's theory that our personalities are dynamic and derived from the many interacting influences in our lives. These influences, includin...
What were two of Fritz Heider's major contributions to social psychology?
1. attribution theory 2. balance theory
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What may cause a person to riot when their favorite team wins a championship? | Deindividuation is the idea that people lose sight of their individual nature when they are excited (positively or negatively) and feel anonymous, as they might feel being a part of a giant fanbase. |
What does Zimbardo's prison study suggest about deindividuation? | People adapt to the roles they are given, so context deindividuates people and makes them act in ways they never imagined they would. Participants were randomly assigned to be either a guard or a prisoner in a mock prison Participants rapidly adapted to their assigned roles (ex. guards became more aggressive and sadistic, prisoners became more passive and dependent), leading to dangerous situations Experiment was terminated early because of 'guard' cruelty. |
Who performed the first official social psychology experiment? | Norman Triplett, 1897 He found that cyclists rode more slowly on their own than they did when other cyclists were riding with them. |
Who was Kurt Lewin and what was his contribution to social psychology? | He is frequently credited as being the 'father of social psychology,' and he derived field theory. |
What is field theory? | It is Kurt Lewin's theory that our personalities are dynamic and derived from the many interacting influences in our lives. These influences, including valence, vector, and barrier, act upon a person's field, or life space. |
What were two of Fritz Heider's major contributions to social psychology? | 1. attribution theory 2. balance theory |
What is attribution theory? | The attempt to understand events and behaviors by attributing intentions to others. |
According to Fritz Heider, why do our feelings and beliefs tend to stay consistent over time? | Balance theory states that people want to maintain psychological stasis, so there is an urge to preserve attitudes through time. |
What idea explains the difference in perspective between the person performing an action and the person observing the same action? | actor-observer attributional divergence |
Seeing a relationship between two unrelated things is called what? | illusory correlation |
The idea that one small belief change begets larger belief changes that ultimately snowball, making a large impact is known as what? | slippery slope |
Studies have shown that doctors overestimate their ability to know the outcome of a case, and that they claim after the fact to have 'known it all along.' What psychological effect is occurring? | hindsight bias |
What psychological effect is occurring when you believe a beautiful girl must also be smart and kind? | The halo effect is the belief that because a person has a good trait, all their traits must also be good. |
How might self-fulfilling prophecy explain why people think the prettiest girl in school is stuck up? | Self-fulfilling prophecy states that when we have a preconceived notion about a person, group, or situation, we will behave in a way that will get the outcome we expect. So we may treat the prettiest girl in school in a way that may make her feel defensive, which can make her seem stuck up. |
What did Lee Ross show in studies of people defending incorrect answers? | If a person was able to rationalize an incorrect answer before they learned it was false, they would persist in their belief that the incorrect answer was actually true. |
What is Richard Nisbett best known for? | He is known for his studies showing that mental processes shape our preferences subconsciously and that we are unaware of why we do what we do. |
What is base rate fallacy? | Base rate fallacy is using irrelevant information and ignoring relevant information to make a decision or hypothesis. |
Who studied the illusion of control? | Ellen Langer |
Using fuzzy trolls and rabbits' feet in bingo is an example of what? | Thinking you can control the outcome of something chance-based is known as the illusion of control. |
After a school shooting, people are quick to attribute one single, simple cause to the events, rather than believing a number of factors contributed. What is this an example of? | oversimplification; People will also persevere in their beliefs despite new information to the contrary. |