Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /GRE® Psychology Biological: Physiological/Behavioral Neuroscience Part 5
GRE® Psychology Biological: Physiological/Behavioral Neuroscience Part 5
This deck covers key concepts in physiological and behavioral neuroscience, focusing on dysfunctions, neural processes, and neurotransmitter functions.
Explain the dysfunction: agnosia
Difficulty in recognition of objects.
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/25
Key Terms
Term
Definition
Explain the dysfunction: agnosia
Difficulty in recognition of objects.
Explain the dysfunction: aphasia
An impairment in language (can be impaired understanding or production).
Explain the dysfunction: alexia
An inability to read.
Explain the dysfunction: agraphia
An inability to write.
What is the result of Broca's aphasia?
He is able to understand language, but language production is impaired.
Damage to Wernicke's area creates what deficiency?
Wernicke's aphasia is marked by impaired language comprehension from others and production of fluent but meaningless speech.
Related Flashcard Decks
Study Tips
- Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
- Review cards regularly to improve retention
- Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
- Share this deck with friends to study together
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Explain the dysfunction: agnosia | Difficulty in recognition of objects. |
Explain the dysfunction: aphasia | An impairment in language (can be impaired understanding or production). |
Explain the dysfunction: alexia | An inability to read. |
Explain the dysfunction: agraphia | An inability to write. |
What is the result of Broca's aphasia? | He is able to understand language, but language production is impaired. |
Damage to Wernicke's area creates what deficiency? | Wernicke's aphasia is marked by impaired language comprehension from others and production of fluent but meaningless speech. |
Explain the dysfunction: hyperphagia | Excessive overeating, linked with damage to ventromedial hypothalamus. |
Following damage to or removal of the cerebral cortex, what behavioral side effect might occur? | Decorticate rage (or sham rage), which is intense, but not clearly directed rage. |
What type of tools are used to implant electrodes in the brains of animals? | stereotaxic instruments |
What floral term is used to describe the beginnings of plasticity in children? | "Blooming and pruning" is the process of growing new neural connections and allowing others to die as young brains learn what is most important for their survival. |
What holds neurotransmitters as they are transported to the synaptic cleft? | synaptic vesicles | (synaptic vessels) |
In order for an action potential to occur, ions must permeate what? | cell membrane |
What is the function of glial cells? | These are supporting cells, providing nutrition, materials, and chemical signals to neurons in the brain. |
What are the four types of glial cells? | 1. Schwann cells 2. oligodendrocytes 3. astrocytes 4. microglia |
Fill in the blanks: ______ form myelin in the central nervous system, while ______ ______ form myelin in the peripheral nervous system. | Oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells |
What is the point in transduction when the neuron is negatively charged and an action potential has not yet occurred? | resting potential |
What allows the postsynaptic cell's ion channels to open? | Postsynaptic receptors must recognize the presence of neurotransmitters. |
What are the types of postsynaptic potentials? | 1. excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) 2. inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) |
What is the difference between an EPSP and an IPSP? | Excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) will depolarize a cell, increasing the likelihood of the cell reaching threshold and creating an action potential. Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) will hyperpolarize a cell, decreasing the likelihood of the cell reaching the depolarization threshold. |
What is saltatory conduction? | Characteristic of myelinated axons, saltatory conduction is when an action potential jumps from one node of Ranvier to the next. |
Fill in the blanks: After an action potential, a cell is unable to create another action potential during the _______ _______ period. It will then enter the ________ _______ period, where it will respond only to strong stimuli. | absolute refractory; relative refractory |
After release of neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft, what happens to the unused neurotransmitter? | The excess transmitters in the synaptic cleft are then either broken down by enzymes and removed, a process called degradation, or are transported back into vesicles and recycled, which is referred to as reuptake. |
What are the two most important amino acids in the brain? | glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) |
What is the function of glutamate? | It activates neurons, but can become neurotoxic in excess, causing neurons to fire too quickly. Glutamate is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter. |
What is the function of Gamma-aminobutyric acid? | (GABA) | GABA is an inhibitory neurotransmitter, which helps balance out glutamate and allows the brain to achieve stasis. It is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter. |