Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /GRE® Psychology Biological: Physiological/Behavioral Neuroscience Part 13
GRE® Psychology Biological: Physiological/Behavioral Neuroscience Part 13
This deck covers key concepts in physiological and behavioral neuroscience, focusing on topics such as meditation, psychoactive drugs, brain functions, neuroimaging, and neuroplasticity.
True or false: Meditation can lead to altered EEG patterns.
True Meditation often results in increased alpha and theta wave activity in the brain, indicating a state of deep relaxation and focused attention, distinct from normal waking consciousness.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
True or false: Meditation can lead to altered EEG patterns.
True Meditation often results in increased alpha and theta wave activity in the brain, indicating a state of deep relaxation and focused attention, di...
List the three main categories of psychoactive drugs.
• Stimulants • Depressants • Hallucinogens; Each category affects the central nervous system differently: stimulants increase activity, depressants de...
Fill in the blank: A person in a persistent ________ state shows no signs of awareness or response to the environment.
vegetative; A vegetative state is characterized by wakefulness without awareness, commonly resulting from severe brain injury. Patients may open their...
What is the term for environmental cues that help regulate the circadian rhythm?
Zeitgebers; Zeitgebers, such as light and temperature, help synchronize the body's internal clock to the 24-hour day. Light is the most influential ze...
What does the localization theory propose about brain functions?
Specific brain areas are responsible for specific functions. The localization theory contrasts with the equipotentiality theory, which suggests that a...
True or false: Neuroimaging always provides precise spatial and temporal resolution.
False Neuroimaging methods, like fMRI, generally offer high spatial resolution but low temporal resolution, whereas EEG provides high temporal but low...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
True or false: Meditation can lead to altered EEG patterns. | True Meditation often results in increased alpha and theta wave activity in the brain, indicating a state of deep relaxation and focused attention, distinct from normal waking consciousness. |
List the three main categories of psychoactive drugs. | • Stimulants • Depressants • Hallucinogens; Each category affects the central nervous system differently: stimulants increase activity, depressants decrease it, and hallucinogens alter sensory perceptions. |
Fill in the blank: A person in a persistent ________ state shows no signs of awareness or response to the environment. | vegetative; A vegetative state is characterized by wakefulness without awareness, commonly resulting from severe brain injury. Patients may open their eyes and exhibit sleep-wake cycles but lack conscious interaction with their surroundings. |
What is the term for environmental cues that help regulate the circadian rhythm? | Zeitgebers; Zeitgebers, such as light and temperature, help synchronize the body's internal clock to the 24-hour day. Light is the most influential zeitgeber, affecting the sleep-wake cycle and other circadian rhythms. |
What does the localization theory propose about brain functions? | Specific brain areas are responsible for specific functions. The localization theory contrasts with the equipotentiality theory, which suggests that any part of a functional area can perform tasks associated with that area. This debate impacts our understanding of brain injuries and recovery. |
True or false: Neuroimaging always provides precise spatial and temporal resolution. | False Neuroimaging methods, like fMRI, generally offer high spatial resolution but low temporal resolution, whereas EEG provides high temporal but low spatial resolution. Understanding these trade-offs is crucial for interpreting research findings. |
What is a major ethical concern related to incidental findings in neuroimaging? | Privacy concerns Incidental findings can reveal unexpected health information, raising privacy issues. These findings may require follow-up, impacting patient confidentiality and autonomy. |
List two applications of neuroplasticity in rehabilitation. | Stroke recovery; Treatment of traumatic brain injuries Neuroplasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize itself by forming new connections. This ability is harnessed in rehabilitation to improve function after brain injuries or neurological conditions. |
Fill in the blanks: __________-__________ __________ can potentially restore lost sensory or motor functions. | Brain-computer interfaces | (BCIs) BCIs interpret brain signals to enable communication or control external devices, offering hope for individuals with disabilities. However, they also pose risks, such as security vulnerabilities and ethical concerns around autonomy. |
What is one risk associated with brain-computer interfaces? | Security vulnerabilities; BCIs could be susceptible to hacking, leading to unauthorized control or data breaches. This raises ethical and technical challenges in their development and deployment. |