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GRE® Psychology Developmental: Various Topics Part 5
This deck covers essential concepts from developmental psychology, including theories of development, genetic principles, and stages of prenatal development.
Describe: Arnold Gesell's theory of development
Gesell proposed that child development is guided by biological maturation: it unfolds in a predictable sequence of stages, though the rate of progression differs for each child.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Describe: Arnold Gesell's theory of development
Gesell proposed that child development is guided by biological maturation: it unfolds in a predictable sequence of stages, though the rate of progr...
Who invented the science of genetics?
Gregor Mendel
Define: genes
The basic units of heredity that carry the information responsible for the inherited traits and characteristics in living organisms.
Alternate forms of genes are called?
alleles
Fill in the blanks: For each allele, there is both a ______ and ______ copy of each allele.
dominant; recessive
Fill in the blanks: The ______ of a person is the exact series of genes in their biological code. The ______ is a person's visible traits.
genotype; phenotype
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Describe: Arnold Gesell's theory of development | Gesell proposed that child development is guided by biological maturation: it unfolds in a predictable sequence of stages, though the rate of progression differs for each child. |
Who invented the science of genetics? | Gregor Mendel |
Define: genes | The basic units of heredity that carry the information responsible for the inherited traits and characteristics in living organisms. |
Alternate forms of genes are called? | alleles |
Fill in the blanks: For each allele, there is both a ______ and ______ copy of each allele. | dominant; recessive |
Fill in the blanks: The ______ of a person is the exact series of genes in their biological code. The ______ is a person's visible traits. | genotype; phenotype |
Fill in the blanks: Each human being has all of their genes located on ______ pairs of ______. | 23; chromosomes |
Describe: R. C. Tyron's studies and their implications for developmental psychology. | Tyron kept testing rats to select those who were best at solving mazes. He then bred subsequent generations of rats until he had an entire family who were excellent at solving mazes. These experiments showed that certain behaviors and the ability to learn is genetically inherited. |
True or False: Monozygotic twins share fifty percent of the same genetic material. | False |
Fill in the blank: ______ twins share fifty percent of the same genetic material, just like non-twin siblings. | Dizygotic |
Which psychologist created a huge longitudinal study comparing the IQs and behaviors of highly intelligent children with normative children in the general population? | Lewis Terman |
What are the characteristics of Down's syndrome? | A genetic anomaly, an extra 21st chromosome, and mental retardation. |
This genetic disease was the first to be tested for large scale populations in infancy. It is a genetic issue with the nervous system that prevents the person from digesting phenylalanine, an amino acid. | Phenylketonuria |
Name and describe two sex chromosome abnormalities. | 1. Klinefelter's Syndrome (XXY in males, causing sterility and mental retardation) 2. Turner's Syndrome (X in females, which causes a lack of secondary sex characteristics and an oddly-shaped physical appearance) |
Fill in the blank: Two gametes, or human sex cells, fuse to form a ______. | zygote |
What are the three phases of gestation that the zygote experiences? | 1. germinal stage 2. embryonic stage 3. fetal stage |
Fill in the blank: During the ______ phase, the zygote begins to divide and is eventually implanted in the uterine wall. This whole phase takes about two weeks. | germinal |
Describe the embryonic phase of prenatal development. | During this phase, the embryo increases in size rapidly, it begins to develop fingers, toes, and genitals. |
During which stage of gestation does the zygote experience rapid growth, movement, and sexual differentiation? | the fetal phase |
Define: babbling | The sounds an infant makes that form the precursor to language. |
What did Lenneberg, Rebelsky, and Nichols discover about babbling that influenced developmental psychology? | They discovered that all children babble, whether they are deaf or can hear. Deaf children stop verbally babbling but will 'babble' with their hands in a precursor to sign language. |
Fill in the blank: Noam Chomsky believed that children had an internal ability to acquire language, which was gathered through a region of the brain called the ______ ______ ______. | language acquisition device | (LAD) |
At what age do children begin adding multiple words together? | 18-20 months |
At what age do children begin using simple sentences? | 2.5-3 years old |
Define: categorical perception | The ability that infants have to denote different kinds of sounds that either differentiate meaning or do not. |