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HESI Exam Practice Flashcards: Biology and Physiology

Biology51 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This flashcard set covers essential HESI exam topics, including key biological processes and stages of meiosis. Designed for quick review and memorization, it helps reinforce high-yield concepts tested on the HESI exam.

Within liver cells, glycogen can be decomposed to yield glucose. For this process to occur, which substance must also be present?

glucagon and epinephrine

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

Within liver cells, glycogen can be decomposed to yield glucose. For this process to occur, which substance must also be present?

glucagon and epinephrine

At which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

Prophase 1

Which cellular process results in the formation of sugar from carbon dioxide?

Calvin cycle

What is the name for the small, tail-like projection from the cellular membrane that is used for locomotion?

Flagella

Which word refers to the lowest region of the spinal cord?

Lumbar

The Phalynx is a(n)

bone

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TermDefinition

Within liver cells, glycogen can be decomposed to yield glucose. For this process to occur, which substance must also be present?

glucagon and epinephrine

At which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur?

Prophase 1

Which cellular process results in the formation of sugar from carbon dioxide?

Calvin cycle

What is the name for the small, tail-like projection from the cellular membrane that is used for locomotion?

Flagella

Which word refers to the lowest region of the spinal cord?

Lumbar

The Phalynx is a(n)

bone

The dermis is classified s a(n)

organ

Upper motor neurons originate in which area of the body?

Motor area of the cerebral hemispheres

Where are the pressoreceptors and chemoreceptors (specialized sensory nerves that assist with the regulation of circulation and respiration) located?

Carotid Body

Where are the baroreceptors located?

Aorta

Which sturcture is an example of a long bone?

metatarsal

Which structure is divided into four lobes?

liver

Eye movement and papillary reflexes originate in which part of the central nervous system?

Midbrain

Which vessel transports blood from the lung to the heart?

Pulmonary vein

What does the word 'pulmonary' mean?

lungs

Venous refers to which part of the body system?

Circulation

What is the primary sympathetic neurohormone?

norepinephrine

An improper balance between calcium and which substance can adversely affect the growth of healthy bone tissue?

phosphorus

The function of the pulmonary veins is to carry ________________?

oxygenated blood to the left atrium

What substance causes extreme dilation of arterioles and capillaries, stagnating blood flow within the tissues and leading to profound shock?

Histamine

What is the expected pH of the stomach?

0.90 to 1.50

What mineral is responsible for muscle contraction?

Calcium

Bile is secreted into which organ?

Small intestines

What is the function of glucocorticoids that are secreted from the adrenal cortex?

carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism

What does parathyroid hormone regulate?

Calcium

What is the function of aldosterone?

Conserves sodium in the body

What is the function of the baroreceptors?

Decrease heart rate

Which nerve is responsible for regulating the amount of light entering the eye?

oculomotor nerve

What components of the blood helps maintain glomerular oncotic pressure at a normal level of 33mm Hg, which in turn keeps a large amount of water from escaping the capillary?

Protein

Segments of a polypeptide chain can coil or fold as a result of hydrogen bonds, adding to a protein's structural conformation. What is this structure called?

Secondary structure

What is the concentration of 58.5g of a NaCl in 2L of solution (atomic weights of each element are as follows: Na=23g/mol, CL=35/5 g/mol0?

0.5 mol NaCl

What is the correct electron configuration for neon?

Is22s22p6

What is the ground state electron configuration for zinc?

Is22s22s63s23p64s23d10

What is a benefit of water's ability to make hydrogen bonds?

High specific heat

What is the weakest of all the intermolecular forces?

Dispersion

What is the correct name of MgSo4?

Magnesium sulfate

What is the correct formula for magnesium chloride?

MgCl2

Phenolphthalein changes from colorless to pink in basic solutions. At what pH value would the solution remain colorless?

8.4

How could water be boiled at room temperature?

Lower the pressure

Iodine and carbon dioxide undergo sublimation at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. What is this process?

Changing from a solid to a gas

A catalyst increases the rate of reaction by ___________.

lowering the activation energy

Redox reactions are those that occur with a transfer of electrons. What would cause an increase in the oxidation number?

Oxidation

An experiment is performed to measure the temperature of boiling water at sea level. The actual boiling point in 100C. The data taken during the experiment show values of 104.6C, 104.5C, and 104C. What term best describes these data?

Precise

Chemical reactions in living systems preceed along catabolic pathways, and there tends to be an increase in _______/

entropy

A diploid germ cell containing 72 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. How many chromosomes will be in each gamete?

36

What is the primary purpose of the flagella on the surface of cells?

Movement of the cell

What process is responsible for actively transporting small particles across the cell membrane?

Pinocytosis

What is the primary cause of water molecules moving into or out of the cell?

Water molecule pressure gradient along the cell membrane

Why is DNA important for metabolic activities of the cell?

Controls synthesis of enzymes

Which outcome measure would most likely indicate that a sample of water contains acid?

pH

Which structure is the primary "control center" for cellular activities?

Nucleus.