HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 12

skin

skin

sweat

hairy, rough

horny hard

fat lipid

black dark

fungus

fingernail or toenail

hair

pus

wrinkle

sebum

rash hives

dry

shus) secrete sebum (oil) that lubricates the skin and discourages the
growth of bacteria on the skin.

forms the upper layer of the epidermis. Squamous means scalelike.
This layer consists of flat, scaly cells that are continuously shed

is the lowest layer of the epidermis. It is here that new cells are produced and then pushed upward. When these cells reach the surface, they die and become filled with keratin.

is a fibrous, water-repellent protein. Soft keratin is a primary component of the epidermis. Hard keratin is found in the hair and nails.

also known as the corium, is the thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermis. It contains connective tissue, blood and lymph vessels, and nerve fibers. Also found in the dermis are the hair follicles, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands, which are the related structures of the integumentary system (as well as the nails). Sensory nerve endings in the dermis are the sensory receptors for stimuli such as touch, temperature, pain, and pressure

which means glue, is a tough, yet flexible, fibrous protein material found in the skin, and also in the bones, cartilage, tendons, and ligaments.

which are found in the connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances, including heparin and histamine.

which is released in response to allergens, causes the signs of an allergic response, including itching and increased mucus secretion.

which is released in response to an injury, is an anticoagulant. An anticoagulant prevents blood clotting.

is the production and | excretion of perspiration.

are tiny muscle fibers attached to the hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect. In response to cold or fright, these muscles contract, causing raised areas of skin known as goose bumps. This action reduces heat loss through the skin.

common

is a noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle (plural, comedones) often associated with acne vulgaris. A comedo with an obstructed opening is called a whitehead (a closed comedo). A sebum plug that is exposed to air often oxidizes and becomes a blackhead (an open comedo).

is an inflammation sometimes resulting from seborrhea that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp. Extensive dandruff is a form of seborrheic dermatitis, as is the scalp rash in infants known as cradle cap. In contrast, mild dandruff is usually caused by a yeast-like fungus on the scalp.

is a benign skin growth that has a waxy or “pasted-on” look. These growths, which can vary in color from light tan to black, occur most commonly in the elderly

is superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands, such as the armpits (trich/o means hair, myc means fungus, and -osis means abnormal condition). Axillaris is Latin for axillary (axill means armpit, and -ary means pertaining to.

is the presence of excessive body and facial hair in women, usually occurring in a male pattern (hirsut means hairy, and -ism means condition). This condition can be hereditary or caused by a hormonal imbalance.

baldness

hollow or concave

nails

near

scab

bruiseis a large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin (ecchym means pouring out of juice, and -osis means abnormal

pouring out juice

also known as warts, are small, hard skin lesions caused by the human papillomavirus (singular, verruca). Plantar warts are verrucae
that develop on the sole of the foot.

is an open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges (Figure 12.8B). Note: Ulcers also occur inside the body.

itching

flushed

growth

lice

cold