HOSA: Medical Terminology 2016 Chapter 9

hernia, tumor, swelling

urinary bladder, cyst, sac of fluid

through, between, apart complete

stretching, dilation, enlargement

glomerulus

stone calculus

break down, separation, setting free, destruction, loosening

kidney

surgical fixation

renal pelvis,

bowl of kidney

to crush

urine, urinary tract

ureter

urethra

urination urine

major waste product of protein metabolism

is a waste

product of muscle metabolism.

kidney

behind

means the outer portion of an organ.

is the inner region of the kidney, and it contains most of the urine-collecting tubules.

are the microscopic functional units of each kidney. It is here that urine is produced through the processes of filtration, reabsorption, and secretion (Figure 9.2). Reabsorption is the return to the blood of some of the substances that were removed during filtration.

cluster of capillaries

is the funnel-shaped area inside each kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and medulla. This is where the newly formed urine from the nephrons collects before it flows into the ureters.

are two narrow tubes, each about 10 to 12 inches long, which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder. Peristalsis, which is a series of wave-like contractions, moves urine down each ureter to the bladder. (Peristalsis is also part of the digestive process, as described in Chapter 8.) Urine drains from the ureters into the bladder through the ureteral orifices in the wall of the urinary bladder (Figure 9.1). Orifice means opening.

opening

is the tube extending from | the bladder to the exterior of the body

external opening of a canal

urinate

also known as uremic poisoning, is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and urea and other waste products normally secreted in the urine are retained in the blood

is excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues that can be symptomatic of nephrotic syndrome and other kidney diseases. This swelling can be in the area around the eyes, the abdomen, or the legs and feet.

pus

means spasms of pain in the abdomen. Renal colic pain sometimes comes in waves due to the peristaltic movement of the ureters.

also known as calculus, is an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body and is named for the organ or tissue where it is located (plural, calculi). These stones vary in size from small sand-like granules that pass through the body unnoticed to stones the size of marbles that can become lodged, causing acute pain.In the urinary system, stones form when waste products in the urine separate and crystallize (Figure 9.7). Normally urine contains chemicals to prevent this from happening; however, dehydration and other factors may also disrupt this balance

blader

created by

is an increase in cell numbers typically associated with tumor growth; however, in this case, it is not caused by cancer or infection.

is a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostat means
prostate gland, and -ism means condition of). This can produce difficulties with urination and with urinary retention.

is the inability to | control the excretion of urine, feces, or both.

means increasing the output of urine,

is the involuntary discharge | of urine

scanty

is the inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress such as running, lifting, sneezing, laughing, or coughing. This condition occurs much more often in women than in men.

is a procedure to remove waste products, such as urea, creatinine, as well as excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function (dia- means complete or through, and -lysis means separation). The two types of dialysis in common use are hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis. Patients can sometimes choose the type of long-term dialysis they prefer