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Human Anatomy and Physiology Essentials Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology51 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts in human anatomy and physiology, including cellular processes, systems of the body, and the functions of various organs and structures.

What process should the DNA within a cell undergo before the cell replicates?

The DNA should replicate so that daughter cells have the same amount of DNA material after cell division
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What process should the DNA within a cell undergo before the cell replicates?
The DNA should replicate so that daughter cells have the same amount of DNA material after cell division
What basic molecular unit enables hereditary information to be transmitted from parent to offspring?
Genes
What statement accurately compares/contrasts the structures of DNA and RNA?
Both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases, three of the bases are the same but the fourth base is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA
What characteristic is part of a person's genotype?
CFTR genes that cause cystic fibrosis
Where is the interstitial fluid found?
In the tissues around cells
What type of cells secrete antibodies?
Plasma cells

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TermDefinition
What process should the DNA within a cell undergo before the cell replicates?
The DNA should replicate so that daughter cells have the same amount of DNA material after cell division
What basic molecular unit enables hereditary information to be transmitted from parent to offspring?
Genes
What statement accurately compares/contrasts the structures of DNA and RNA?
Both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases, three of the bases are the same but the fourth base is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA
What characteristic is part of a person's genotype?
CFTR genes that cause cystic fibrosis
Where is the interstitial fluid found?
In the tissues around cells
What type of cells secrete antibodies?
Plasma cells
Chemical C is a catalyst in the reaction between chemical A and chemical B. What is the effect of chemical C?
Chemical C increases the rate of the reaction between A and B
What type of molecules are enzymes?
Proteins molecules
What structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland?
Hypothalamus
Where do gas exchange occur in the human body?
Alveoli
An atom has 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the electric charge of this atom?
Negative
What system's primary function is to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide?
Respiratory system
What best describes the structures found underneath each rib in descending order?
Vein, artery, nerve
What is the primary function of the spleen?
Filters microorganisms and other foreign substances from the blood
The process of changing from a liquid to a gas is called _____.
Vaporization
What protein interferes with virus production?
Interferons
What does NOT contain blood vessels?
Epidermis
What structure releases hormones that stimulate the gonads during puberty?
Hypothalamus
What structure has the lowest blood pressure?
Vein
What heart chamber is the most muscular?
Left ventricle
What part of the brain interprets sensory information?
Cerebellum
A vaccination is a way of acquiring which type of immunity?
Active artificial immunity
What component of the nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate?
Parasympathetic nervous system
What are parts of the circulatory system?
Heart, Blood, Blood vessels
What is the natural pacemaker of the heart?
Sinoatrial node
What is the name of the condition where the heart rate is 118 beats per minute?
Tachycardia
The spine and hips belong to what bone types?
Irregular bones
What term means towards the front of the body?
Anterior
What system is the brain a part of?
Nervous system
What term means close to the trunk of the body?
Proximal
What part of the cell serves as the control center for all cell activity?
Nucleus
What are the cellular functions of cilia and flagella?
Cell movement
What is the process by which simple cells become highly specialized cells?
Cellular differentiation
How does meiosis differ from mitosis?
Meiosis produces cells that are genetically different, mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical
What are groups of cells that perform the same function?
Tissues
What is an example of a tissue?
Chloroplast
The adrenal glands are part of what system?
Endocrine
What functions do genes serve in the relationship between parent and offspring?
Genes enable hereditary information to be passed from parent to offspring
What is hemoglobin?
Protein
What valve allows blood flow from the right atria into the right ventricle?
Tricuspid
What substances stimulate adaptive immunity?
Phagocytes
Enzymes are ______ molecules that serve as ______ for certain biological reactions.
Enzymes are protein molecules that serve as catalysts for certain biological reactions
What type of chemical bond connects the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a molecule of water?
Covalent
What is the chemical property of water?
2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen
What is true regarding T cells?
They play a role in the immune response
What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred between atoms?
Ionic bonds
What is the primary function of antibodies?
Facilitate the breakdown of antigens
What best describes the process of condensation?
The process of changing from gas to a liquid
List the blood flow through the heart.
right atria -> right ventricle -> lungs -> left atria -> left ventricle -> body
Mildly elevated levels of thyroxine will do what to the heart rate?
Increase heart rate
What nervous system controls the voluntary motor movement?
Somatic