Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Human Anatomy and Physiology Essentials Part 2
Human Anatomy and Physiology Essentials Part 2
This deck covers key concepts in human anatomy and physiology, including cellular processes, systems of the body, and the functions of various organs and structures.
What process should the DNA within a cell undergo before the cell replicates?
The DNA should replicate so that daughter cells have the same amount of DNA material after cell division
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What process should the DNA within a cell undergo before the cell replicates?
The DNA should replicate so that daughter cells have the same amount of DNA material after cell division
What basic molecular unit enables hereditary information to be transmitted from parent to offspring?
Genes
What statement accurately compares/contrasts the structures of DNA and RNA?
Both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases, three of the bases are the same but the fourth base is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA
What characteristic is part of a person's genotype?
CFTR genes that cause cystic fibrosis
Where is the interstitial fluid found?
In the tissues around cells
What type of cells secrete antibodies?
Plasma cells
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What process should the DNA within a cell undergo before the cell replicates? | The DNA should replicate so that daughter cells have the same amount of DNA material after cell division |
What basic molecular unit enables hereditary information to be transmitted from parent to offspring? | Genes |
What statement accurately compares/contrasts the structures of DNA and RNA? | Both DNA and RNA have 4 nucleotide bases, three of the bases are the same but the fourth base is thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA |
What characteristic is part of a person's genotype? | CFTR genes that cause cystic fibrosis |
Where is the interstitial fluid found? | In the tissues around cells |
What type of cells secrete antibodies? | Plasma cells |
Chemical C is a catalyst in the reaction between chemical A and chemical B. What is the effect of chemical C? | Chemical C increases the rate of the reaction between A and B |
What type of molecules are enzymes? | Proteins molecules |
What structure controls the hormones secreted by the pituitary gland? | Hypothalamus |
Where do gas exchange occur in the human body? | Alveoli |
An atom has 5 protons, 5 neutrons, and 6 electrons. What is the electric charge of this atom? | Negative |
What system's primary function is to take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide? | Respiratory system |
What best describes the structures found underneath each rib in descending order? | Vein, artery, nerve |
What is the primary function of the spleen? | Filters microorganisms and other foreign substances from the blood |
The process of changing from a liquid to a gas is called _____. | Vaporization |
What protein interferes with virus production? | Interferons |
What does NOT contain blood vessels? | Epidermis |
What structure releases hormones that stimulate the gonads during puberty? | Hypothalamus |
What structure has the lowest blood pressure? | Vein |
What heart chamber is the most muscular? | Left ventricle |
What part of the brain interprets sensory information? | Cerebellum |
A vaccination is a way of acquiring which type of immunity? | Active artificial immunity |
What component of the nervous system is responsible for lowering the heart rate? | Parasympathetic nervous system |
What are parts of the circulatory system? | Heart, Blood, Blood vessels |
What is the natural pacemaker of the heart? | Sinoatrial node |
What is the name of the condition where the heart rate is 118 beats per minute? | Tachycardia |
The spine and hips belong to what bone types? | Irregular bones |
What term means towards the front of the body? | Anterior |
What system is the brain a part of? | Nervous system |
What term means close to the trunk of the body? | Proximal |
What part of the cell serves as the control center for all cell activity? | Nucleus |
What are the cellular functions of cilia and flagella? | Cell movement |
What is the process by which simple cells become highly specialized cells? | Cellular differentiation |
How does meiosis differ from mitosis? | Meiosis produces cells that are genetically different, mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical |
What are groups of cells that perform the same function? | Tissues |
What is an example of a tissue? | Chloroplast |
The adrenal glands are part of what system? | Endocrine |
What functions do genes serve in the relationship between parent and offspring? | Genes enable hereditary information to be passed from parent to offspring |
What is hemoglobin? | Protein |
What valve allows blood flow from the right atria into the right ventricle? | Tricuspid |
What substances stimulate adaptive immunity? | Phagocytes |
Enzymes are ______ molecules that serve as ______ for certain biological reactions. | Enzymes are protein molecules that serve as catalysts for certain biological reactions |
What type of chemical bond connects the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a molecule of water? | Covalent |
What is the chemical property of water? | 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen |
What is true regarding T cells? | They play a role in the immune response |
What type of bond is formed when electrons are transferred between atoms? | Ionic bonds |
What is the primary function of antibodies? | Facilitate the breakdown of antigens |
What best describes the process of condensation? | The process of changing from gas to a liquid |
List the blood flow through the heart. | right atria -> right ventricle -> lungs -> left atria -> left ventricle -> body |
Mildly elevated levels of thyroxine will do what to the heart rate? | Increase heart rate |
What nervous system controls the voluntary motor movement? | Somatic |