Human Geography Vocabulary Part 7

nonstandard language or dialect native to the locale or adopted by the social group

number of rural residents per unit of agriculturally productive land

number of people per unit area of land (crude density)

the number of people an area can support on a sustained basis given the prevailing technology

population group unified by a common characteristic

annual number of births per 1000 population; without regard to the age or sex composition of that population

annual number of deaths per 1000 population; without regard to the age or sex composition of that population (mortality rate)

number of people per unit area of land (arithmetic density)

summarizes the contribution made to regional population by the combination of natural change (births to deaths) and net migration

relationship between population growth and economic development; traces the changing levels of human fertility and mortality associated with industrialization and urbanization

the statistical study of human population

simple measure of the number of economic dependents, old or young, that each 100 people in the productive years must support

time it takes for a population to double if the present growth rate remains constant

permanently inhabited areas of the earth's surface

population is equivalent to the carrying capacity of the occupied area

curve showing J-shaped or exponential growth

an English economist and demographer; all biological populations have a potential for increase that exceeds the actual rate of increase, and the resources for the support of increase are limited

annual number of deaths per 1000 population; without regard to the age or sex composition of that population (crude death rate)

increases or decreases due to migration are not included

view that to lift living standards, the existing national efforts to lower mortality rates had to be balanced by governmental programs to reduce birth rates

uninhabited or very sparsely occupied zone (anecumene)

overcrowding; value judgment

total population divided by arable land area

because of the age composition of many societies, numbers of births will continue to grow even as fertility rates per woman decline

relationship between the number of inhabitants and the area they occupy

a division of human geography concerned with spatial variations in distribution, composition, growth, and movements of population.

estimate of future population size, age, and sex composition

a graphic device that represents a population's age and sex composition based on current data

derived by subtracting the crude death rate from the crude birth rate; increases or decreases due to migration are not included

the frequency of occurrence of an event during a given time frame for a designated population

the level of fertility at which populations replace themselves

exponential growth of J-curve is bent to horizontal and converted to S-curve; population die-back

rate and probability of reproduction among fertile females

a condition for individual countries when births plus immigration equals deaths plus emigration

area within which we move freely on our rounds of regular activity

knowledge of opportunity locations beyond normal activity space

the mover is part of an established migrant flow from a common origin to a prepared destination

The tendency for migration to flow between areas that are socially and economically allied by past migration patterns, by economic and trade connections, or by some other affinity

when two regions through an exchange of commodities can specifically satisfy each others demands

the likelihood that as many as 25% of all migrants will return to their place of origin (return migration)

the distance beyond which cost, effort, and means strongly influence our willingness to travel

decline of activity or function with increasing distance from its point of origin

the increase in time and cost that usually comes with increasing distance

mathematical formula that describes the level of interaction between two places based on distance and population

the presence of a nearer opportunity that greatly diminishes the attractiveness of sites farther away.

two cities will attract trade from intermediate locales in direct proportion to the populations of the two cities and inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the two cities to the intermediate place
(Reilly's Law)

the permanent or planned long-term relocation of residential place and activity space

all types of human territorial movement

any aggregate control on or regularity of movement of people, commodities, or communication. (Included are distance bias, direction bias, and network bias.)

set of routes and the set of places that they connect

the informational counterpart of that person's activity space

the zone of privacy and separation from others our culture or our physical circumstances require or permit

the awareness we have, as individuals, of home and distant places and the beliefs we hold about them

the measure of an individual's satisfaction with a given residential location

a measurement of the total interaction opportunities available under gravity model assumptions to a center in a multicenter system

positive attractions of the migration destination

negative home conditions that impel the decision to migrate

two cities will attract trade from intermediate locales in direct proportion to the populations of the two cities and inversely proportional to the square of the distance of the two cities to the intermediate place (law of retail gravitation)

the likelihood that as many as 25% of all migrants will return to their place of origin (counter migration)

the volume of space and length of time within which our activities must be confined

the movement of peoples, ideas, and commodities between different places

the process by which individuals evaluate the alternative locations to which they might move

a migration in which an eventual long-distance relocation is undertaken in stages eg rural to central city residence through farm to small town to suburb to the major central city)

the emotional attachment to and the defense of home ground as a root explanation of much human action and response

acceptable costs of an exchange

the adoption of the behavior patterns of the surrounding culture

material objects used to fill basic needs of food, protection, and defense

the number of persons supportable within a given area by the technologies at their disposal

the sharing of technologies, organizational structures, etc among widely separated societies in a modern world united by instantaneous communication and efficient transportation

The likelihood or tendency for cultures to become increasingly dissimilar with the passage of time.

the study of the relationship between a culture group and the natural environmental it occupies

interlocking nature of all aspects of a culture

the earth's surface as modified by human action

specialized behavioral patterns, understandings, adaptations, and social systems

individual cultural traits that are functionally related

center of innovation and invention from which key culture traits and elements move to exert an influence on surrounding regions

a set of cultural regions showing related cultural complexes and landscapes

a portion of the earth's surface occupied by populations sharing recognizable and distinctive cultural characteristics

sharing enough cultural traits and complexes to be recognized as a distinctive cultural entity

unit of learned behavior ranging from language spoken, tools used, games played etc

process by which an idea or innovation is transmitted from one individual or to another across space

any conditions that hinder either the flow of information or the movement of people and thus prevent the acceptance of an innovation

the belief that the physical environment exclusively shapes humans, their actions, and their thoughts

the spread of an item or idea from one place to others

pre-agricultural people dependent on the year-round availability of plant and animal foodstuffs they could secure with the limited variety of tools and weapons at their disposal

ideas, beliefs, and knowledge of a culture and of the ways in which these things are expressed in speech or other forms of communication

a trait that many cultural hearths that develop independent of each other

changes to a culture that result from ideas created within the social group and adopted by the culture

abstract belief systems

used to explain common characteristics of widely separated cultures developed under similar ecological circumstances

viewpoint that people, not environments, are the dynamic forces of cultural development

innovation or idea is physically carried to new areas by migrating individuals or populations

The institutions and links between individuals and groups that unite a culture, including family structure and political, educational, and religious institutions. Components of the sociological subsystem of culture.

sociological subsystem

process of fusion of the old and new

composed of material objects, together with the techniques of their use, by means of which people are able to live

Based on the cardinal points of North, South, East, and West. These appear uniformly and independently in all cultures, derived from obvious givens of nature

spatial separation between two points on the earth's surface

the identification of a place by some precise and accepted system of coordinates

the relative ease with which a destination may be reached from some other place