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IB Psychology HL - Abnormal - Describe Symptoms and Prevalence of Bulimia

Psychology5 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

Symptoms of bulimia are specific behaviors and signs used to diagnose the disorder, including recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting, excessive exercise, or fasting. Other symptoms include an intense fear of gaining weight and preoccupation with body shape and weight.

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symptoms

criteria used in diagnosis to assess whether a patient is suffering from a particular disorder

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

symptoms

criteria used in diagnosis to assess whether a patient is suffering from a particular disorder

symptoms of bulimia

affective symptoms:

  • fear of becoming fat

  • body dissatisfaction

  • depressed mood

overall prevalence of bulimia

Zandian et al (2007):

  • affects those from households with above-average income to a greater extent

  • overall prevalence: ...

cultural prevalence of anorexia

  • far more common in Western and individualist cultures

  • possibly because of the greater focus on dieting from 20th century in ...

gender prevalence of anorexia

APA (2000):

  • 1-€3% of young adult females have bulimia

  • occurs much less frequently in men

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IB Psychology HL - Abnormal - Describe Symptoms and Prevalence of Bulimia
TermDefinition

symptoms

criteria used in diagnosis to assess whether a patient is suffering from a particular disorder

symptoms of bulimia

affective symptoms:

  • fear of becoming fat

  • body dissatisfaction

  • depressed mood

cognitive symptoms:

  • distorted body image (body dysmorphia)

  • low self-esteem

  • denial of the seriousness of their current body weight

physiological symptoms:

  • nutritional deficiencies + hormonal changes

  • amenorrhea (disturbances in menstrual cycle)

  • digestive problems

  • muscle cramps

behavioural symptoms:
- binge-eating and purging: self-starvation in combination with recurrent binge eating episodes and compensatory behaviour such as vomiting and misuse of laxatives to avoid weight gain

overall prevalence of bulimia

Zandian et al (2007):

  • affects those from households with above-average income to a greater extent

  • overall prevalence: 0.3% of the population

  • usually begins between the ages of 14 and 19

cultural prevalence of anorexia

  • far more common in Western and individualist cultures

  • possibly because of the greater focus on dieting from 20th century in Europe and Anglo-American societies, exposure to unreasonably thin models in the media, and social pressures to conform to a particular body type and weight

  • all these social influences appear to affect females more than males

  • alternatively males with body-image issues may simply perform different behaviours rather than self-starving

  • eating disorders appear to be more uncommon in less industrialized countries and countries where there are more limitations on women’s behaviour, but it’s possible that bulimia is more concealed in some cultures and therefore never diagnosed

Roland (1970):

  • in the US, prevalence is different across classes and ethnicities

  • majority are Caucasian, and primarily of Italian and Jewish origin

  • rates of eating disorders generally increase during more affluent periods during which food is in abundance

gender prevalence of anorexia

APA (2000):

  • 1-€3% of young adult females have bulimia

  • occurs much less frequently in men

Drewnowski et al. (1988):

  • conducted survey on 1,007 USA students

  • 1% of women and 0.2% o the men were classified as bulimic

  • undergraduate female students had the highest rates (2.2%)