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IB Psychology HL - BLOA - Discuss Ethical Considerations In Research Of Genetic Influences On Behaviour

Psychology8 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

Genetic studies can reveal unexpected, sensitive information (e.g. true parentage, carrier status for disease) that may cause psychological distress or stigmatization to participants and their families, so there must be strong informed consent and procedures for counselling.

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ethical issues with genetic research

  • participant awareness: the research can reveal unexpected and potentially harmful info regarding participants (e.g. true parentage, unrevealed adoptions, or being a carrier of a genetic disease) – Caspi and Moffitt (2012) longitudinal on MAOA gene in NZ

  • coding of info: can be complex/misunderstood by participants, so one must carefully consider how participants are being informed of the nature of the research

  • often uses animals to test gene theories/treatments – Rosenzweig and Bennett (1972) brain lesions on rats

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

ethical issues with genetic research

  • participant awareness: the research can reveal unexpected and potentially harmful info regarding participants (e.g. true parentage, unrevea...

ethical consideration 1: participant awareness and cultural sensitivity

  • The aims and procedure of the study must be explained in plain language

  • informed consent must be given to show they have a c...

ethical consideration 2: coding

  • in order to protect participants, researchers can make the participant sample fully anonymous

  • codes are assigned to the rese...

ethical consideration 3: use of animals in research

  • animals preferred above humans as there is less moral obligation involved

  • can test some aspects that would be otherwise high...

guidelines for use of animals in research

  • refinement

  • replacement

  • reduction

guidelines followed in use of animals: refinement

  • animal research should be as focused as possible

- must be realistic + achievable aims with regard...

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IB Psychology HL - BLOA - Discuss Ethical Considerations In Research Of Genetic Influences On Behaviour
TermDefinition

ethical issues with genetic research

  • participant awareness: the research can reveal unexpected and potentially harmful info regarding participants (e.g. true parentage, unrevealed adoptions, or being a carrier of a genetic disease) – Caspi and Moffitt (2012) longitudinal on MAOA gene in NZ

  • coding of info: can be complex/misunderstood by participants, so one must carefully consider how participants are being informed of the nature of the research

  • often uses animals to test gene theories/treatments – Rosenzweig and Bennett (1972) brain lesions on rats

ethical consideration 1: participant awareness and cultural sensitivity

  • The aims and procedure of the study must be explained in plain language

  • informed consent must be given to show they have a clear understanding of what they’re participating in

  • this includes any implications including potential harm

  • some ethnic groups may disagree with genetic research on principle

  • in these cases it is important to consult with group leaders before requesting consent

  • the feelings of participants should always be considered

ethical consideration 2: coding

  • in order to protect participants, researchers can make the participant sample fully anonymous

  • codes are assigned to the research material and only a select number of researchers will have access

  • this prevents others from linking samples or information to particular people and protects confidentiality

problems:

  • it also can limit the scientific value of the study

  • as it prevents follow-up investigations

ethical consideration 3: use of animals in research

  • animals preferred above humans as there is less moral obligation involved

  • can test some aspects that would be otherwise highly unethical to test in humans

guidelines for use of animals in research

  • refinement

  • replacement

  • reduction

guidelines followed in use of animals: refinement

  • animal research should be as focused as possible

- must be realistic + achievable aims with regard to expansion of information about that species

guidelines followed in use of animals: replacement

  • researchers should consider all options

- should always look for non-animal methods of investigation

guidelines followed in use of animals: reduction

expose as few animals to pain, suffering, and distress as possible