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IB Psychology HL - SCLOA - Explain Social Learning Theory with Reference To Relevant Studies

Psychology8 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

Social Learning Theory (Bandura) states that people acquire behaviours, attitudes, and emotional reactions not just by direct experience but by observing others. For learning to occur, four conditions must be met: attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation.

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Social Learning Theory

  • people learn behaviours, attitudes, emotional reactions, etc not only from direct experience but also from observing models (other humans)

Conditions that must be met for social learning to occur:

  • attention

  • retention

  • motor reproduction

  • motivation

Main studies:

  • Bandura (1965)

  • Wells-Wilbon and Holland (2001)

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

Social Learning Theory

  • people learn behaviours, attitudes, emotional reactions, etc not only from direct experience but also from observing models (other humans)<...

factors determining whether social learning will occur

  • consistency of model’s behaviour

  • identification with the model

  • incentives (rewards/punishments)

Bandura (1965) - process

  1. young children were showed a video of an adult behaving aggressively to a Bobo doll

  2. 3 conditions:
    - control: no reward or...

Bandura (1965) - findings and conclusion

  • control and model-rewarded showed equal aggressiveness

  • model-punished showed less aggressiveness

  • but when chi...

Bandura (1965) - evaluation

Strengths:
- supports SLT

Weaknesses:

  • ethical issues: children are very young + exposure to aggress...

Wells-Wilbon and Holland (2001) - Process

Participants: 55 African-American children of 10-12 years from a lower socioeconomic background

  • PROJECT 2000 was an organization tuto...

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IB Psychology HL - SCLOA - Explain Social Learning Theory with Reference To Relevant Studies
TermDefinition

Social Learning Theory

  • people learn behaviours, attitudes, emotional reactions, etc not only from direct experience but also from observing models (other humans)

Conditions that must be met for social learning to occur:

  • attention

  • retention

  • motor reproduction

  • motivation

Main studies:

  • Bandura (1965)

  • Wells-Wilbon and Holland (2001)

factors determining whether social learning will occur

  • consistency of model’s behaviour

  • identification with the model

  • incentives (rewards/punishments)

Bandura (1965) - process

  1. young children were showed a video of an adult behaving aggressively to a Bobo doll

  2. 3 conditions:
    - control: no reward or punishment shown
    - model-rewarded: after the aggression, a second adult rewarded the model with sweets and a soft drink
    - model-punished: after the aggression, a second adult scolded and spanked the model

  3. after the video, children were taken for 10 mins into a playroom with the doll and observed

Bandura (1965) - findings and conclusion

  • control and model-rewarded showed equal aggressiveness

  • model-punished showed less aggressiveness

  • but when children were asked to reproduce the video aggressor’s behaviour (and informed that they would be rewarded) they all showed a higher levels of aggression

  • boys imitated physical aggression more while girls imitated verbal aggression more

  • thus showing that aggression can be learned from models

  • and the gender of the role model has some significance

Bandura (1965) - evaluation

Strengths:
- supports SLT

Weaknesses:

  • ethical issues: children are very young + exposure to aggressive behaviour

  • low ecological validity: lab study + aggression is artificial

Wells-Wilbon and Holland (2001) - Process

Participants: 55 African-American children of 10-12 years from a lower socioeconomic background

  • PROJECT 2000 was an organization tutoring young inner-city African-Americans (particularly males)

  • African-American men were Teacher Assistants, to act as
    mentors and provide positive role models

  • influence of models on participants were assessed via interviews and observation

Wells-Wilbon and Holland (2001) - Findings and Conclusion

  • students stated that the TAs taught the youngsters good moral values and important life skills

  • boys likely felt closer to TAs due to ethnic and gender similarities

  • shows that behaviour, attitudes, and values can be learnt through imitation

  • models exhibiting positive feelings can also induce positivity in the observer

Wells-Wilbon and Holland (2001) - Evaluation

Strengths:

  • resulted in rich qualitative data generated from large number of participants

  • cultural specificity

Weaknesses:

  • cultural specificity

  • gender imbalance

  • uncontrolled (potentially confounding) variables (e.g. children’s relationships with family)