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Integumentary System Test Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology25 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers the basic functions, structures, and processes of the integumentary system, including skin layers, skin color, glands, hair color, and skin cancer.

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What are the basic functions of the Integumentary system?

protection, regulation of body temperature, communication, excretion of wastes, and vitamin D production
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are the basic functions of the Integumentary system?
protection, regulation of body temperature, communication, excretion of wastes, and vitamin D production
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis/Subcutaneous
What is the structure of the epidermal layer?
thin, superficial layer of mainly stratified squamous
What is the function of the epidermal layer?
cells in deeper layers are living and dividing that push older cells to the surface where older cells die and fill with keratin to provide tough, wate...
What is the structure of the dermal layer?
widely dispersed cells, highly vascular
What are the two functions of the dermal layer?
blood vessels nourish stratum basale and dermal cells, and constrict/dilate to help regulate body temperature
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Integumentary System Test Part 1
TermDefinition
What are the basic functions of the Integumentary system?
protection, regulation of body temperature, communication, excretion of wastes, and vitamin D production
What are the three layers of the skin?
Epidermis, Dermis, and Hypodermis/Subcutaneous
What is the structure of the epidermal layer?
thin, superficial layer of mainly stratified squamous
What is the function of the epidermal layer?
cells in deeper layers are living and dividing that push older cells to the surface where older cells die and fill with keratin to provide tough, waterproof protection
What is the structure of the dermal layer?
widely dispersed cells, highly vascular
What are the two functions of the dermal layer?
blood vessels nourish stratum basale and dermal cells, and constrict/dilate to help regulate body temperature
What is the structure of the subcutaneous layer?
connects skin to underlying structures, composed of adipose and loose connective tissue
What are the three functions of the subcutaneous layer?
insulates, cushions, energy supply
What are the layers of the epidermis?
stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum
What occurs in the stratum basale?
mitosis, as cells are pushed to the surface they die due to being cut off from blood supply
What occurs in the stratum spinosum?
cells are far enough away from the dermal blood vessels that they begin to compact and die
What occurs in the stratum granulosum?
older cells develop proteins as they die, precursors to keratin
What occurs in the stratum lucidum?
thickened skin on the palms and soles due to additional wear and tear, most cells are dead and keratin precursors develop
What occurs in the stratum corneum?
dead cells are collected and filled with keratin allowing cells to be tough and offer protection and replace cells worn away by wear and tear
What happens to cells as they are pushed towards the surface?
the farther cells move, the poorer their nutrient supply becomes and they die
How does the integumentary system regulate an increase in body temperature?
as body temperature rises, nerve impulses stimulate structures in the skin and other organs to release heat... muscles in walls of dermal blood vessels to dilate, nervous system stimulates eccrine glands to release sweat.
How is skin color determined?
how much melanin is produced from a melanocyte regulated by DNA
What is the difference between sebaceous glands and sweat glands?
sebaceous glands contain groups of specialized epithelial cells and secrete sebum, while sweat glands are widespread exocrine glands in the dermis or subcutaneous.
What are the different types of nerve receptors?
pacinian corpuscles and meissner corpuscles
What are the steps in healing an epidermal wound?
migration of epidermal cells across wound cap, cells from stratum basale migrate up edges of wound, cells from stratum basale divide until they meet in the middle (realize contact inhibition)
What are the steps in healing a dermal wound?
inflammatory phase, migratory phase, proliferate phase, and maturation phase
What are the accessory organs of the integumentary system?
hair, nails, nerve receptors
What causes variation in hair color?
melanocytes produce different pigments as detailed by the DNA
What causes hair to turn white or grey?
lack of pigment in the cortex of a hair shaft, melanin production decreases with age
What are the types of skin cancers?
squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma