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Intro to Psychology (PSYC101): Module 26: Language and Thought

Psychology13 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts from Module 26 of Intro to Psychology (PSYC101), focusing on language and thought, including definitions and stages of language development.

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Language?

Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Language?
Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
Phoneme?
In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
Morpheme?
In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix).
Grammar?
In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. Semantics is the language’s set of rules for deriving mean...
Babbling Stage?
Beginning around 4 months, the stage of speech development in which an infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household ...
One-word Stage?
The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words.
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Intro to Psychology (PSYC101): Module 26: Language and Thought
TermDefinition
Language?
Our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning.
Phoneme?
In a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit.
Morpheme?
In a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix).
Grammar?
In a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others. Semantics is the language’s set of rules for deriving meaning from sounds, and syntax is its set of rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences.
Babbling Stage?
Beginning around 4 months, the stage of speech development in which an infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language.
One-word Stage?
The stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words.
Two-word Stage?
Beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly in two-word statements.
Telegraphic Speech?
The early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram—“go car”—using mostly nouns and verbs.
Aphasia?
Impairment of language, usually caused by left hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area (impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area (impairing understanding).
Broca’s Area?
Helps control language expression—an area of the frontal lobe, usually in the left hemisphere, that directs the muscle movements involved in speech.
Wernicke’s Area?
A brain area involved in language comprehension and expression; usually in the left temporal lobe.
Linguistic Determinism?
Whorf’s hypothesis that language determines the way we think.
Linguistic Relativism?
The idea that language has an influence on the way we think.