Lifespan Development Exam 1 Part 2

the substance that genes are composed of that determines the nature of every cell in the body and how it will function

rod shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs

wins who are genetically identical

twins who are produced when two seperate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time

the one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are presnet

a trait within an organism that is present, but is not expressed

the underlying comination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible) in an organism

an observable trait; the trait that actually is seen

inheriting from parents similar gens for a given trait

inheriting from parents different forms of a gene for a given trait

inheritance in which a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for teh porduction of a particular trait

genes that are considered recessibe and located only on the X chromosome

the study of the effects of herdity on behavior

when genes, for no reason, spontaneously chagne their form

a disorder produced by teh presence of an extra chomosome on teh 21st pair; once referred to as monogolism

a blood disorder that gets its name form teh shape of the red blood cells in those who have it

a disorder that produces blindness and muscle degeneration prior to death; there is no treatment

a disorder resulting from the presence of an extra X chromosome that produces underdeveloped genitals, extreme height, and enlarged breasts

the discipline that focuses on helping people deal with issues relating to inherited disorders

a chart contaiing enlarged photos of each of teh chromosomes

combines a blood test and ultrasound sonography in teh 11th to the 13th week of prgnancy and can identify chomosomal abnormalities and other disorders

a process in whcih high frequency sound waves scan teh mothers womb to produce an image of teh unborn baby, whose size and shape can then be assessed

a test used to find genetic defescts that involves taking smaples of hairlike material that surrounds the embryo

the process of identifying genetic defects by examining a small sample of fetal cells drawn by a needle inserted into the amniotic fluid surrounding the unborn fletus

patterns of arousal and emotionality that represnet consistent and enduring characterisitcs in an individual

the determination of traits by a combination of both genetic environmental factors in which a genotype provides a range within which a phenotype may be expressed

the degree of emotional stability an individual characteristically displays

the degree to which a person seeks to be with others, to behave in an outgoing manner, and generally to be sociable

the process by which a sperm and an ovum-the male and female gametes, respectively-to join to form a single new cell

the potential degree of variability in the expression of a trait due to environemntal conditions

chorionic villus sampling can be done after the __ week

amniocentesis can be done after __ weeks

embryoscopy examines the embryo or fetus during the first __ weeks of pregnancy

fetal blood sampling is performed after __ weeks of pregnancy

used to detect abnormalityes in teh first trimester of pregnancy. involves high frequency transvaginal probes and digital image processing. can detect more than 80 percent of all malformations during the 2nd trimester

a monozygotic twin has close to __% chance of developing schizophrenia when the other twin develops the disorder

a dizygotic twin has close to __% chance of developing schizophrenia when the other twin develops the disorder

the first and shortest stage of the prenatal period, which takes place during the first 2 weeks following conception

a conduit between teh mother and fetus providing nourishment and oxygen via teh umbilical cord

the period from 2-8 weeks following fertilization during which significant growth occurs in teh major organs and body systems

the stage that begins at about 8 weeks after conception and continues until birth

a developing child, from 8 weeks after conception until birth

when the zygote is firmly secured to the wall of the mothers uterus it is called an __

the outer layer of the embryo, will form skin, hair, teeth, sense organs and the brian and spinal cord

teh inner layer of the embryo produces digestive system, liver, pancreas, and respiratory system

between the ectoderm and endoderm, forms muscles bones, blood, and circulatory systems

the inability to concieve after 12-18 months of trying to become pregnant

a process of fertilization in which a man's sperm is placed directly into a womans reproductive tract by a physician

a procedure in which a womans ova are removed from her ovaries and a mans sperm are used to fertilize the ova in a laboratory

the most common type of artifical inseminatoin

when sperm is deposited into the uterus after being "washed" a process that concentrates sperm in a small amount of fluid

occurs when the embryo detaches from the wall of the uterus and is expelled beore the child can survive outside the womb

some __% of pregnancies end in miscarriage

when a mother chooses to terminate pregnancy

a factor that produces a birth defect

a disorder caused by teh pregnant mother consuming substantial quantities of alcohol during pregnancy, potentially resulitng in mental retardation and delayed growth in the child

a condition in which children display some, although not all of the problems of fetal alcohol syndrome due to the mothers consumption of alcohol during pregnancy

the term used for newborns

called flase labor

when teh uterine contractions intially occur around every 8-10 min and last about 30 seconds

the contrctions occur more frequently and last longer

contractions may occur every 2 minutes and last almost 2 mintues

when the first stage of labor ends, teh contractions reach their gratest intensity, a period known as __

the __ stage of labor is the longest

typcially, labor takes __ hours for firstborn children

during the __ stage of labor, which typically lasts around 90 minutes, the baby's head proceeds further with each contraction increasing ithe size of teh vaginal opening

because the area between the vagina and rectum must stretch, an incision called an __ is sometimes made to increase the size of teh opening of the vagina to allow the baby to pass

the second stage of labor ends when __

in teh __ stage of labor, the childs umbilical cord and placenta are expelled form teh mother

the __ stage of labor is the quickest

a standard measurement system that looks for a variety of indications of good health in newborns

a restiction of oxygen to the baby, lasting a few minutes during the birth process which can produce cognitive defects

close physical and emotional contact between parent and child during the period immediately following birth

infants who are born prior to 38 weeks after conception

infants who weigh less than 2500 g (around 5 1/2 pounds) at birth

infants who, because of delayed fetal growth, weigh 90 percent or less of teh average weight of infants of teh same gestational age

infants who weight less than 1250 g (around 2.25 lbs) or regardless of weight have been in teh womb less than 30 weeks

the point at which an infant can survive prematurely to about 22 weeks

infants still unborn 2 weeks after the mothers due date

a brith in which the baby is surgically removed from teh uterus, rather than traveling thorugh the birth canal

a device that measures the baby's heartbeat during labor

the delivery of a child who is not alive, occurring in fewer than 1 delivery in 100

death within the first year of life

unlearned, organized involuntary responses that occur automatically in teh presence of certain stimuli

the decrase in resonse to a stimulus taht occurs after repeated presntations of teh same stimulus

different degrees of sleep and wakefullness through which newborns cycle, ranging from deep sleep to great agitation

are involuntary reactions to a particular stimulation

reflexes that are too strong, too weak, or absent, may indicate __

stepping, babinski, palmar grasp, and moro are all examples of __

and are reflexes that enable a child to feed

the idea that people or things exist even if they cannot be seen

when is the object permanance task usually accomplished?

when is A not B error typically accomplished?

when is the invisibility displacement task usually accoplished by?

newborns salt, but over the first months they develop a preference for it

popular method of birthing that uses breathing techniques and relaxation training

sometimes known as "husband-coached childbirth" is based on teh principle that childbirth should be natural, without medication or medical interventions

a new, but increasingly popular, technique. involves a form of self-hypnosis during delivery that produces a sense of peace and calm, thereby reducing pain

physicians who specialize in delivering babies, have been teh childbirth attendants of choice

most often nurses specializing in childbirth that are used primarily for preganancies with no expectations