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Mastering Biology: Nucleic Acids Part 1

Biology15 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers fundamental concepts about nucleic acids, including nucleotide structure, DNA and RNA differences, and nucleic acid polymerization.

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What are the components of a nucleotide? a) a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. b) a sugar, a sulfate group and a pyrimidine. c) a sugar, an amino acid and a nitrogenous base. d) a sugar, a sulfate group and a purine.

a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are the components of a nucleotide? a) a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. b) a sugar, a sulfate group and a pyrimidine. c) a sugar, an amino acid and a nitrogenous base. d) a sugar, a sulfate group and a purine.
a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
The condensation reaction that forms nucleic acid polymers occurs between a ______ group on one nucleotide and a ______ group on a second nucleotide a) carbon, carbon b) nitrogenous base, sugar c) phosphate, hydroxyl d) nitrogenous base, nitrogenous base
phosphate, hydroxyl
By convention, nucleotide sequences are always written from the ______ a) sugar end to the phosphate end b) 5'end to the 3' end c) amino terminus to the carboxyl terminus d) 3' end to the 5' end
5'end to the 3' end
In a nucleic acid polymer, the bonds that help to hold regions of double-strandedness together occur between what parts of the nucleotide monomers? a) nitrogenous bases and phosphates b) nitrogenous bases c) sugars d) sugars and phosphates
nitrogenous bases
If a DNA double helix contains 28% T nucleotides, then what is the percentage of A nucleotides? a) 56% b) 44% c) 22% d) 28%
28%
How are the structures of RNA and DNA similar? a) they both contain the sugar ribose b) Adenine pairs with thymine in both c) they both have the same tertiary structure. d) Their sugar-phosphate backbones are formed by phosphodiester linkages.
Their sugar-phosphate backbones are formed by phosphodiester linkages.
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Mastering Biology: Nucleic Acids Part 1
TermDefinition
What are the components of a nucleotide? a) a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. b) a sugar, a sulfate group and a pyrimidine. c) a sugar, an amino acid and a nitrogenous base. d) a sugar, a sulfate group and a purine.
a sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.
The condensation reaction that forms nucleic acid polymers occurs between a ______ group on one nucleotide and a ______ group on a second nucleotide a) carbon, carbon b) nitrogenous base, sugar c) phosphate, hydroxyl d) nitrogenous base, nitrogenous base
phosphate, hydroxyl
By convention, nucleotide sequences are always written from the ______ a) sugar end to the phosphate end b) 5'end to the 3' end c) amino terminus to the carboxyl terminus d) 3' end to the 5' end
5'end to the 3' end
In a nucleic acid polymer, the bonds that help to hold regions of double-strandedness together occur between what parts of the nucleotide monomers? a) nitrogenous bases and phosphates b) nitrogenous bases c) sugars d) sugars and phosphates
nitrogenous bases
If a DNA double helix contains 28% T nucleotides, then what is the percentage of A nucleotides? a) 56% b) 44% c) 22% d) 28%
28%
How are the structures of RNA and DNA similar? a) they both contain the sugar ribose b) Adenine pairs with thymine in both c) they both have the same tertiary structure. d) Their sugar-phosphate backbones are formed by phosphodiester linkages.
Their sugar-phosphate backbones are formed by phosphodiester linkages.
Nucleic acids are directional, meaning that there are two different ends. What functional groups define the two different ends? Check all that apply. a) a free phosphate group on the 5' carbon. b) a free hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon. c) a free hydroxyl group on the 5' carbon. d) a free phosphate group on the 3' carbon.
a free phosphate group on the 5' carbon. a free hydroxyl group on the 3' carbon.
Hereditary information is stored in a) DNA, dexoyribonucleic acid. b) proteins c) proteins and DNA d) RNA, ribonucleic acid.
DNA, dexoyribonucleic acid.
The individual building blocks of DNA, which are made of a phosphate, sugar, and base are called a) nucleotides. b) promoters. c) genes. d) nucleosomes.
nucleotides
A DNA molecule consists of two nucleotide strands twisted into a a) straight chain. b) double helix. c) folded chain. d) triple helix.
double helix
The ______ of DNA strands pair in a consistent complementary fashion. a) sugars b) ribose sugars c) bases d) phosphate groups
bases
Identify three possible components of a DNA nucleotide. a) cytosine, phosphate group, ribose b) deoxyribose, phosphate group, thymine c) cytidine, phosphate group, ribose d) deoxyribose, phosphate group, uracil e) adenine, phosphate group, ribose f) guanine, phosphate group, ribose
deoxyribose, phosphate group, thymine
Which statement accurately summarizes a difference between ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides? a) Ribonucleotides have a hydroxyl group bonded to their 2' carbon; deoxyribonucleotides have an H at the same location. b) Ribonucleotides contain only purines; deoxyribonucleotides contain only pyrimidines. c) In ribonucleotides, the sugar is a pentose; deoxyribonucleotides have a hexose. d) Ribonucleotides have a hydroxyl group bonded to their 3' carbon; deoxyribonucleotides have an H at the same location.
Ribonucleotides have a hydroxyl group bonded to their 2' carbon; deoxyribonucleotides have an H at the same location.
The condensation reaction that forms nucleic acid polymers occurs between a ______ group on one nucleotide and a ______ group on a second nucleotide. a) nitrogenous base, nitrogenous base b) nitrogenous base, sugar c) phosphate, hydroxyl d) carbon, carbon
phosphate, hydroxyl
DNA is composed of building blocks called ______. a) nucleic acids b) Gs c) nucleotides d) adenines e) amino acids
nucleotides