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Mastering Biology: Nucleic Acids Part 2

Biology12 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts about the structure and function of nucleic acids, focusing on DNA and RNA, their chemical bonds, and structural differences.

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In eukaryotic cells DNA has the appearance of a ______. - single strand - letter U - double helix - triple helix - circle

double helix
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
In eukaryotic cells DNA has the appearance of a ______. - single strand - letter U - double helix - triple helix - circle
double helix
If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand? - 3'-UAAACG-5' - 3'-TAAACG-5' - 3'-ATTTGC-5' - 3'-GCAAAT-5' - 3'-TUUUCG-5'
3'-TAAACG-5'
If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain? - 150 - 25 - 50 - 200 - 75
75
The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by ______ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases. - hydrophilic interactions - hydrogen bonds - S—S bonds - covalent bonds - ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
A nucleotide is composed of a(n) ______. - sulfhydryl group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar - amino group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar - phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a hydrocarbon - glycerol, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar - phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
When double-stranded DNA is heated to 95°C, the bonds between complementary base pairs break to produce single-stranded DNA. Considering this observation, is the strand separation step required for replication of the double helix spontaneous? Why or why not? - Yes. Energy is released. - Yes. A continuous input of energy is required. - No. A continuous input of energy is required. - No. Energy is released.
No. A continuous input of energy is required.
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Mastering Biology: Nucleic Acids Part 2
TermDefinition
In eukaryotic cells DNA has the appearance of a ______. - single strand - letter U - double helix - triple helix - circle
double helix
If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand? - 3'-UAAACG-5' - 3'-TAAACG-5' - 3'-ATTTGC-5' - 3'-GCAAAT-5' - 3'-TUUUCG-5'
3'-TAAACG-5'
If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain? - 150 - 25 - 50 - 200 - 75
75
The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by ______ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases. - hydrophilic interactions - hydrogen bonds - S—S bonds - covalent bonds - ionic bonds
hydrogen bonds
A nucleotide is composed of a(n) ______. - sulfhydryl group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar - amino group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar - phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a hydrocarbon - glycerol, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar - phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
phosphate group, a nitrogen-containing base, and a five-carbon sugar
When double-stranded DNA is heated to 95°C, the bonds between complementary base pairs break to produce single-stranded DNA. Considering this observation, is the strand separation step required for replication of the double helix spontaneous? Why or why not? - Yes. Energy is released. - Yes. A continuous input of energy is required. - No. A continuous input of energy is required. - No. Energy is released.
No. A continuous input of energy is required.
In a DNA double helix, what kind of chemical bonds form between the complementary nitrogenous bases? - phosphodiester bonds - polar covalent bonds - hydrogen bonds - nitrogen bonds
hydrogen bonds
If a DNA double helix contains 28% T nucleotides, then what is the percentage of A nucleotides? - 44% - 22% - 56% - 28%
28%
An RNA molecule that can catalyze chemical reactions is called a_____? - ribozyme - stem-loop - Tetrahymena - protein
ribozyme
How would you expect the structure of ribozymes in organisms that grow in very hot environments, such as hot springs or deep-sea vents, to differ from those in organisms that grow in cooler environments? - These ribozymes would exhibit no tertiary structure. - These ribozymes would have more hairpin secondary structures. - The hairpins would have more G's and C's in the primary structure. - The hairpins would have more A's and U's in the primary structure.
The hairpins would have more G's and C's in the primary structure.
QUANTITATIVE If nucleotides from the DNA of a human were quantified and 20 percent of them consisted of adenine, what percentage of guanine nucleotides would be present? - 70 percent - 30 percent - 40 percent - 20 percent
30 percent
Many RNA molecules exhibit tertiary structure, whereas most DNA molecules do not. Which statement best explains why? - RNA contains uracil (U) while DNA contains thymine (T), so only RNA can have tertiary structure. - RNA has secondary structure but DNA does not, so only RNA can have tertiary structure. - RNA has an extra oxygen atom in its backbone, which makes RNA much less stable than DNA. - RNA's secondary structure can leave bases free for interactions that produce tertiary structure; DNA's secondary structure generally does not.
RNA's secondary structure can leave bases free for interactions that produce tertiary structure; DNA's secondary structure generally does not.