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Mastering Biology Part 1

Biology30 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts in molecular biology, focusing on DNA transcription, RNA processing, and protein translation.

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What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?

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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?
transcription
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
translation
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
RNA processing
Polypeptides are assembled from _____?
amino acids
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____?
mRNA
A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain.
three ... amino acid
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Mastering Biology Part 1
TermDefinition
What name is given to the process in which a strand of DNA is used as a template for the manufacture of a strand of pre-mRNA?
transcription
What name is given to the process in which the information encoded in a strand of mRNA is used to construct a protein?
translation
What name is given to the process in which pre-mRNA is edited into mRNA?
RNA processing
Polypeptides are assembled from _____?
amino acids
RNA processing converts the RNA transcript into _____?
mRNA
A codon consists of _____ bases and specifies which _____ will be inserted into the polypeptide chain.
three ... amino acid
A particular triplet of bases in the template strand of DNA is 5' AGT 3'. The corresponding codon for the mRNA transcribed is
3' UCA 5'.
What amino acid sequence will be generated, based on the following mRNA codon sequence? 5' AUG-UCU-UCG-UUA-UCC-UUG 3'
met-ser-ser-leu-ser-leu
What is the process called that converts the genetic information stored in DNA to an RNA copy?
Transcription
DNA does not store the information to synthesize which of the following?
Organelles
Transcription begins at a promoter. What is a promoter?
A site in DNA that recruits the RNA Polymerase
Which of the following statements best describes the promoter of a protein-coding gene?
The promoter is a nontranscribed region of a gene.
What determines which base is to be added to an RNA strand during transcription?
Base pairing between the DNA template strand and the RNA nucleotides
Which of the following terms best describes the relationship between the newly synthesized RNA molecule and the DNA template strand?
Complementary
What happens to RNA polymerase II after it has completed transcription of a gene?
It is free to bind to another promoter and begin transcription.
Where does RNA polymerase begin transcribing a gene into mRNA?
It starts after a certain nucleotide sequence called a promoter.
Which of the following statements best describes the termination of transcription in prokaryotes?
RNA polymerase transcribes through the terminator sequence, causing the polymerase to separate from the DNA and release the transcript.
What is the function of RNA polymerase?
It unwinds the double helix and adds nucleotides to a growing strand of RNA.
A part of the promoter, called the TATA box, is said to be highly conserved in evolution. Which of the following might this illustrate?
Any mutation in the sequence is selected against.
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 5' end of the RNA.
modified guanine nucleotide
During RNA processing a(n) _____ is added to the 3' end of the RNA.
5' untranslated region
Spliceosomes are composed of _____?
snRNPs and other proteins
The RNA segments joined to one another by spliceosomes are _____?
exons
Translation occurs in the _____?
cytoplasm
What is a ribozyme?
a biological catalyst made of RNA
Alternative RNA splicing can allow the production of proteins of different sizes and functions from a single mRNA.
True
RNA polymerase moves in which direction along the DNA?
3' to 5' along the template strand
Where does translation take place?
Ribosome
Which nucleic acid is translated to make a protein?
mRNA
Which of the following processes is an example of a post-translational modification?
Phosphorylation