Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Medical Terminology Basics Part 9
Medical Terminology Basics Part 9
This deck covers key medical terminology related to muscle and bone conditions, surgical procedures, and related anatomical terms.
myocele
condition in which a muscle is surrounded by a layer of tough connective tissue, known as fascia. An injury to a muscle may cause the muscle to tear through the fascia causing a protrusion.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
myocele
condition in which a muscle is surrounded by a layer of tough connective tissue, known as fascia. An injury to a muscle may cause the muscle to tear t...
myositis
a common result of muscle injury is a local inflammation
osteitis
inflammation of bone
osteltis deformans
(Paget's disease) results in bone deformities due to a failure of bone remodeling, which is a balance between bone loss and bone deposition.
osteosarcoma
a bone cancer arising from connective tissue, usually within the bone itself.
osteogenesis imperfecta
an inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
myocele | condition in which a muscle is surrounded by a layer of tough connective tissue, known as fascia. An injury to a muscle may cause the muscle to tear through the fascia causing a protrusion. |
myositis | a common result of muscle injury is a local inflammation |
osteitis | inflammation of bone |
osteltis deformans | (Paget's disease) results in bone deformities due to a failure of bone remodeling, which is a balance between bone loss and bone deposition. |
osteosarcoma | a bone cancer arising from connective tissue, usually within the bone itself. |
osteogenesis imperfecta | an inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones |
osteomalacia | disease resulting in the softening of the bones |
osteomyelitis | inflammation of the red bone marrow |
osteoporosis | the abnormal loss of bone density |
paraplegia | loss of sensation or voluntary movement of the area of the body below the hips, including both legs |
polymyositis | inflammation of many muscles (caused by bacterial infection in which a group of muscles become infected and react with inflammation) |
rickets | the bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions |
rotator cuff | combination of four muscles and their tendons that surround and stabilize the shoulder joint: teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis |
rotator cuff injury | trauma to the shoulder can tear one or more muscles, resulting in a rotator cuff injury that can cause local inflammation, pain, and joint dislocation. |
spondylarthritis | inflammation of joints of vertebra. (uncommon condition of intervertebral joints that leads to a gradual inability to flex and bend the back |
sprain | tear of collagen fibers within a ligament. |
strain | similar to a sprain but involving a muscle |
temporomandibular joint disease | the junction of the mandible and the temporal bone, which allows the lower jaw to move when speaking and chewing |
tendonitis | inflammation of a tendon is a common sports injury |
tenosynovitis | a form of tendonitis that also involves inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding the joint |
cost/o | rib |
fasci/o | fascia |
arthrocentesis | condition of inflammation, which may slow healing and lead to additional complications |
aspirated | withdrawn by suction, through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint. |
arthroclasia | the breaking of an abnormally stiff joint to increase the range of motion |
arthrogram | an image printed on a film prior to joint surgery. it is common to obtain an X-ray of the joint after injection of contrast media, air, or both to highlight the synovial joint |
arthrolysis | joint is loosened of abnormal restrictions, such as calcium deposits and bursoliths. |
arthroplasty | surgical repair of a joint |
artroscopy | visual examination of a joint cavity that uses an instrument that integrates fiber optics, live-action photography, and computer enhancement |
arthrotomy | a surgical incision into the synovial cavity of a joint |
bursectomy | a surgery involving the removal of a bursa from a joint |
chiropractic | a practitioner of the therapeutic method of manipulation of bones and joints, most commonly the vertebral column |
chondrectomy | surgical excision, or removal, of the cartilage associated with a joint |
chondroplasty | surgical repair of the cartilage associated with a joint |
costeectomy | a surgery involving the removal of a rib |
cranioplasty | procedure in which one or more bones of the cranium undergo repair during surgery |
craniotomy | when the surgeon enters the cranial cavity |
diskectomy | a surgical procedure that is used frequently to reduce the pain of a herniated disk by surgically removing the intervertebral disk |
electromyography | a procedure in which the strength of a muscle contraction is measured and recorded |
fasciotomy | a surgical incision into the connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle, called fascia |
myoplasty | surgical repair of a muscle |
myorraphy | suturing the torn ends of a muscle |
NSAIDs | (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory) the most common pharmacological treatment for any condition, including the inflammation or pain of muscle or bone tissue. Also known as aspirin and ibuprofen. |
orthotics | the field of medical support involving the construction and fitting of orthopedic appliances to assist a patient, such as lifts, artificial limbs, and retraction devices. |
ostectomy | the surgical removal, or excision, of bone tissue |
osteopathy | medical field that emphasizes the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and overall health with an emphasis on body alignment and nutrition |
osteoplasty | the surgical repair of bone |
podiatry | specialty of foot health |
tenomyoplasty | the surgical procedure involving the repair of both muscle and tendon |
tenorraphy | suturing of a tendon to close a tear |