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Microbiology Final Exam Questions Part 1

Biology50 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This flashcard set covers key concepts in microbiology, including universal features of prokaryotic cells and phases of bacterial growth. It’s useful for quick review before a final exam, emphasizing essential facts like the presence of ribosomes and characteristics of the log phase.

What is found in ALL prokaryotic organisms?

Ribosomes


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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What is found in ALL prokaryotic organisms?

Ribosomes


What is the best description of the log phase of a bacterial growth curve?

Populations double under optimum conditions

Through feedback inhibition a noncompetitive inhibitor of enzyme activity would...

Bind to the allosteric site of the enzyme and stop the reaction

Yeast infections such as thrush are caused by what?

Candida albicans

The outer protein coat of a simple virus particle is called?

Capsid

In the disease cycle of animal viruses(Lysogenic), uncoating takes place between which two stages?

Penetration and biosynthesis

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TermDefinition

What is found in ALL prokaryotic organisms?

Ribosomes


What is the best description of the log phase of a bacterial growth curve?

Populations double under optimum conditions

Through feedback inhibition a noncompetitive inhibitor of enzyme activity would...

Bind to the allosteric site of the enzyme and stop the reaction

Yeast infections such as thrush are caused by what?

Candida albicans

The outer protein coat of a simple virus particle is called?

Capsid

In the disease cycle of animal viruses(Lysogenic), uncoating takes place between which two stages?

Penetration and biosynthesis

What would be used to sterilize disposable prepackaged gloves?

Gamma

Which type of hepatitis might you acquire by eating raw tomatoes or green onions at a restaurant?

Hepatitis A

The bacteria that causes meningitis usually attach and multiply in this area of the body

Upper respiratory system

Helper T cells...

Function in both humoral and cell-mediated immune function activation

The function of chemical substances such as histamine and leukotrienes would be

To stimulate inflammation

A cell is said to be _______________ when its cell wall is permeable to foreign DNA

Competent

An enzyme that assembles free nucleotides to make a molecule of RNA is

RNA polymerase

What do Rickettsias and Chlamydias have in common with viruses?

They are both obligated to live inside of a host cell

Who discovered penicillin?

Alexander Flemming

What is the difference between fimbriae and pili?

Pili is involved in bacterial sex(conjugation), whereas fimbriae is just for attachment

New strains of the flu are made through _______________ _______________.

Antigenic shifts

Prokaryotic ribosome subunits =

50 + 30 = 70

Eukaryotic ribosome subunits =

60 + 40 = 80

Fermenters

Homolactic, Alcohol, Ethanol

The prefix for fungi is

Myco-
could be used in the word Mycology (the study of fungi) or Mycoses (a fungi-related disease)

Endotoxin

Gram negative

Exotoxin

Gram positive

Lytic

The virus hijacks the cell and then destroys it

Lysogenic

The virus integrates itself into the DNA and stays there indefinitely

What is the least effective antibiotic?

Penicillin

What does betalactimase do?

Creates resistance to penicillin

Chlamydia has _____________ bodies

elementary

Treatment for tetanus?

If you have been vaccinated (DTaP) before exposure:
If you have not been vaccinated: Tetanus immune globulin

What is the leading cause of blindness?

Trachoma

What causes trachoma?

Chlamydia

Varicella zoster aka

Chicken pox

What bacteria causes cavities?

Streptococcus mutans

Bacteria use

CAPSULES

Where does transcription occur?

The nucleus

Where does translation occur?

The cytoplasm

What develops as a complication of strep throat?

Rheumatic fever

IgG

Previous exposure
Can cross the placenta
Monomer
Longer lasting immunity

IgA

Dimer
Secretions (saliva, tears)
Most abundant

IgM

Pentomer
Held together by "J-chain"
1st antibody to react
Largest
Current infection

IgD

Monomer
Found on surface of B-cells
Helps immediate immune response

IgE

Monomer
On Basophils
Allergic reactions & Parasitic worms

Rank the WBC's from most to least abundant

Neutrophil
Lymphocyte
Monocyte
Eosinophil
Basophil

Neutrophil

Phagocytic

Lymphocyte

Specific immunity T-cells, B-cells & natural killer cells

Monocyte

Phagocytic as mature macrophages

Eosinophil

Toxic to parasites

Basophils

Produce histamines to combat allergic reactions

What are chemoheterotrophs?

Organisms that get carbon from organic material such as proteins, carbohydrates & lipids

What are chemoautotrophs & photoautotrophs?

They get their carbon from carbon dioxide