Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Modern Biology, Ch 8, Cell Reproduction Part 1
During cell division, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into structures called____________
chromosomes
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
During cell division, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into structures called____________
chromosomes
Between cell divisions, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is uncoiled and spread out; in this form it is called
chromatin
The chromosomes of most prokaryotes consist of proteins and
a single circular DNA molecule.
Humans have 46 chromosomes in all cells except sperm and egg cells how many of these chromosomes are autosomes?
44
If an organism has a diploid or 2n, number of 16, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells or eggs cells contain?
8
What role do proteins play in enormous amount of DNA in a eukaryotic cell to fit into the nucleus and what are those proteins called?
Histones help coil and package the DNA into a very small volume
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
During cell division, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into structures called____________ | chromosomes |
Between cell divisions, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is uncoiled and spread out; in this form it is called | chromatin |
The chromosomes of most prokaryotes consist of proteins and | a single circular DNA molecule. |
Humans have 46 chromosomes in all cells except sperm and egg cells how many of these chromosomes are autosomes? | 44 |
If an organism has a diploid or 2n, number of 16, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells or eggs cells contain? | 8 |
What role do proteins play in enormous amount of DNA in a eukaryotic cell to fit into the nucleus and what are those proteins called? | Histones help coil and package the DNA into a very small volume |
In what ways are homologous chromosomes similar | the same size and shape and carry genes for the same traits. |
What 2 chromosomes do females carry? | XX |
What 2 chromosomes do males carry? | XY |
What is it called when you take a picture of the chromosomes | Karyotype |
Histone proteins | help maintain the shape of a chromosome and aid in the tight packing of DNA |
chromatid | is one half of a chromosome |
centromere | is the constricted area of a chromatid that holds the two chromatids in a chromosome together |
autosome | is any other chromosome |
sex chromosome | is a chromosome that determines the sex of an organism |
diploid cells | has both chromosomes in each homologous pair |
haploid cell | has only one chromosome in each homologous pair. |
what are tightly coild DNA molecules? | Chromosomes |
What help maintain the compact structure of chromosomes? | histone protein |
T/F Chromosomes in prokaryotes are simpler than chromosomes in eukaryotes | true |
T/F All creatures and organisms have the same number of chromosomes. | F |
cells having two sets of chromosomes are called _______ | diploid (2n) |
cells that have 1/2 the number of chromosomes that are present in diploid cells are __________ | haploid cells (1n) |
What is one main difference between prokaryotic and a eukaryotic? | Prokaryotic has only one chromosome |
How many chromosomes do humans have? | 46 |
How many sexual chromosomes do humans have? | 2 |
Explain what is chromatin | Where the instructions are in the long strands |
Is DNA A NUCLEIC ACID? | yes |
Where is the DNA found in eukaroytic cell? | nucleus of a cell |
What helps the DNA to coil? | histone proteins |
Prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process called | binary fission |
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is copied during a phase of the cell cycle called? | S phase |
The cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides by a process called | cytokinesis |
The fibers that extend from centrosome to centrosome during mitosis are | polar fibers |
What happens to the cells in the G.o phase? | exit from the cell cycle |