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Modern Biology, Ch 8, Cell Reproduction Part 1

Biology35 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 8 of Modern Biology, focusing on cell reproduction. It includes definitions, processes, and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

During cell division, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into structures called____________

chromosomes
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
During cell division, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into structures called____________
chromosomes
Between cell divisions, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is uncoiled and spread out; in this form it is called
chromatin
The chromosomes of most prokaryotes consist of proteins and
a single circular DNA molecule.
Humans have 46 chromosomes in all cells except sperm and egg cells how many of these chromosomes are autosomes?
44
If an organism has a diploid or 2n, number of 16, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells or eggs cells contain?
8
What role do proteins play in enormous amount of DNA in a eukaryotic cell to fit into the nucleus and what are those proteins called?
Histones help coil and package the DNA into a very small volume

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TermDefinition
During cell division, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is tightly packed and coiled into structures called____________
chromosomes
Between cell divisions, the DNA in a eukaryotic cell is uncoiled and spread out; in this form it is called
chromatin
The chromosomes of most prokaryotes consist of proteins and
a single circular DNA molecule.
Humans have 46 chromosomes in all cells except sperm and egg cells how many of these chromosomes are autosomes?
44
If an organism has a diploid or 2n, number of 16, how many chromosomes do its sperm cells or eggs cells contain?
8
What role do proteins play in enormous amount of DNA in a eukaryotic cell to fit into the nucleus and what are those proteins called?
Histones help coil and package the DNA into a very small volume
In what ways are homologous chromosomes similar
the same size and shape and carry genes for the same traits.
What 2 chromosomes do females carry?
XX
What 2 chromosomes do males carry?
XY
What is it called when you take a picture of the chromosomes
Karyotype
Histone proteins
help maintain the shape of a chromosome and aid in the tight packing of DNA
chromatid
is one half of a chromosome
centromere
is the constricted area of a chromatid that holds the two chromatids in a chromosome together
autosome
is any other chromosome
sex chromosome
is a chromosome that determines the sex of an organism
diploid cells
has both chromosomes in each homologous pair
haploid cell
has only one chromosome in each homologous pair.
what are tightly coild DNA molecules?
Chromosomes
What help maintain the compact structure of chromosomes?
histone protein
T/F Chromosomes in prokaryotes are simpler than chromosomes in eukaryotes
true
T/F All creatures and organisms have the same number of chromosomes.
F
cells having two sets of chromosomes are called _______
diploid (2n)
cells that have 1/2 the number of chromosomes that are present in diploid cells are __________
haploid cells (1n)
What is one main difference between prokaryotic and a eukaryotic?
Prokaryotic has only one chromosome
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
How many sexual chromosomes do humans have?
2
Explain what is chromatin
Where the instructions are in the long strands
Is DNA A NUCLEIC ACID?
yes
Where is the DNA found in eukaroytic cell?
nucleus of a cell
What helps the DNA to coil?
histone proteins
Prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process called
binary fission
In eukaryotic cells, DNA is copied during a phase of the cell cycle called?
S phase
The cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides by a process called
cytokinesis
The fibers that extend from centrosome to centrosome during mitosis are
polar fibers
What happens to the cells in the G.o phase?
exit from the cell cycle