Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Modern Biology, Ch 8, Cell Reproduction Part 2

Modern Biology, Ch 8, Cell Reproduction Part 2

Biology35 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This deck covers key concepts and processes involved in cell reproduction, focusing on the phases of the cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, and related cellular functions.

What are the 5 main phases of a cell cycle?

G 1 phase S Phase G 2 phase Mitosis or M phase Cytokinesis
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/35

Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are the 5 main phases of a cell cycle?
G 1 phase S Phase G 2 phase Mitosis or M phase Cytokinesis
What does the G1 phase do?
Cell growth
What does the S phase do?
DNA is copied
What does the G2 phase do?
cell prepares for cell division
What does the M phase or mitosis do?
nucleus divides
What does the Cytokinesis phase do?
cytoplasm divides

Related Flashcard Decks

Study Tips

  • Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
  • Review cards regularly to improve retention
  • Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
  • Share this deck with friends to study together
TermDefinition
What are the 5 main phases of a cell cycle?
G 1 phase S Phase G 2 phase Mitosis or M phase Cytokinesis
What does the G1 phase do?
Cell growth
What does the S phase do?
DNA is copied
What does the G2 phase do?
cell prepares for cell division
What does the M phase or mitosis do?
nucleus divides
What does the Cytokinesis phase do?
cytoplasm divides
List the four phases of mitosis
1. prophase 2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. telophase
What happens in the prophase?
the chromatin coils and forms chromosomes, the nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear. and the mitotic spindle forms
What happens in the metaphase?
kinetochore fibers move the chromosomes to the cell equator.
What happens in the Anaphase?
the chromatids in each chromosome separate and move toward the opposite poles of the cell.
What happens in the telophase?
the mitotic spindle disappears and the chromatids unwind to form chromatin, the nuclear envelope reforms and a nucleolus appears.
Describe cytokinesis in a plant cell
Vesicles formed by the Golgi apparatus fuse at the midline of the cell to form the cell plate, a cell wall that elongates to separate the cell into 2 cells.
One large chromosomes and a series of smaller rings of DNA in a Prokaryotic cells is called?
plasmids
Do muscle cells and brain cells copy themselves?
No
What is an example of which kinds of cells keep copying themselves and can not stop?
Cancer cells
What is an example of which cells stop at G1 and does not keep repairing and building cells.
Spinal cord
Where does the cell spend most of its time carrying out its job before mitosis?
Interphase
What is it called when it is a programmed cell death? If a call fails to replicate itself properly, they will take themselves out of the cycle.
apoptosis
Is Mitosis involved in reproduction process?
No, meiosis is.
What is the function of mitosis?
is to evenly divide the DNA to the daughter cells
What kind of division has to happen with a diploid cell to become a fully functional multi-celled organism?
Mitotic divison
What is the purpose of meiosis?
is to make haploid cells for reproduction.
How many haploid cells are there in meiosis?
23 from each parent
What produces haploid cells in reproduction ?
meiosis
What are the 2 kinds of reproduction processes?
asexual and sexual reproduction
What are the names of the structure that produce haploid cells?
Gonads
What are the 2 different types of gonads in male and female?
male is the testes --sperm cells female is the ovaries--egg or ova cells
A sperm cell + egg cell = ????
zygote cell
What is the most complex stage in the meiosis I phase?
prophase I stage
What are a few differences in meiosis I compared to mitosis.
1. Synapsis happens-pairing of homologous chromosomes 2. tetrad are made--each pair of homologous chromosomes 3. The HC line up face to face 4. Crossing over occurs-exchanges ends 5. Regegentic recombination
What does crossing-over means in meiosis I?
This is where they exchange instructions on the ends of the chromatids.
During the anaphase I in meiosis, do the chormosomes line up independently or in order?
independently
What is the difference with the starting prophase II and Prophase I in meiosis?
Prophase II starts with 2 haploid cells Prophase I starts with a diploid cell
What are some differences between Prophase I and Prophase II?
In Prophase II, there is no homologous chromosomes coming together. 2. No crossing over 3. No tetrad 4. No replication
During the telophase II phase in meiosis, how many new cells are formed?
4