Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Modern Biology, Ch 8, Cell Reproduction Part 2
What are the 5 main phases of a cell cycle?
G 1 phase S Phase G 2 phase Mitosis or M phase Cytokinesis
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Term
Definition
What are the 5 main phases of a cell cycle?
G 1 phase S Phase G 2 phase Mitosis or M phase Cytokinesis
What does the G1 phase do?
Cell growth
What does the S phase do?
DNA is copied
What does the G2 phase do?
cell prepares for cell division
What does the M phase or mitosis do?
nucleus divides
What does the Cytokinesis phase do?
cytoplasm divides
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are the 5 main phases of a cell cycle? | G 1 phase S Phase G 2 phase Mitosis or M phase Cytokinesis |
What does the G1 phase do? | Cell growth |
What does the S phase do? | DNA is copied |
What does the G2 phase do? | cell prepares for cell division |
What does the M phase or mitosis do? | nucleus divides |
What does the Cytokinesis phase do? | cytoplasm divides |
List the four phases of mitosis | 1. prophase 2. metaphase 3. anaphase 4. telophase |
What happens in the prophase? | the chromatin coils and forms chromosomes, the nucleolus and nuclear envelope disappear. and the mitotic spindle forms |
What happens in the metaphase? | kinetochore fibers move the chromosomes to the cell equator. |
What happens in the Anaphase? | the chromatids in each chromosome separate and move toward the opposite poles of the cell. |
What happens in the telophase? | the mitotic spindle disappears and the chromatids unwind to form chromatin, the nuclear envelope reforms and a nucleolus appears. |
Describe cytokinesis in a plant cell | Vesicles formed by the Golgi apparatus fuse at the midline of the cell to form the cell plate, a cell wall that elongates to separate the cell into 2 cells. |
One large chromosomes and a series of smaller rings of DNA in a Prokaryotic cells is called? | plasmids |
Do muscle cells and brain cells copy themselves? | No |
What is an example of which kinds of cells keep copying themselves and can not stop? | Cancer cells |
What is an example of which cells stop at G1 and does not keep repairing and building cells. | Spinal cord |
Where does the cell spend most of its time carrying out its job before mitosis? | Interphase |
What is it called when it is a programmed cell death? If a call fails to replicate itself properly, they will take themselves out of the cycle. | apoptosis |
Is Mitosis involved in reproduction process? | No, meiosis is. |
What is the function of mitosis? | is to evenly divide the DNA to the daughter cells |
What kind of division has to happen with a diploid cell to become a fully functional multi-celled organism? | Mitotic divison |
What is the purpose of meiosis? | is to make haploid cells for reproduction. |
How many haploid cells are there in meiosis? | 23 from each parent |
What produces haploid cells in reproduction ? | meiosis |
What are the 2 kinds of reproduction processes? | asexual and sexual reproduction |
What are the names of the structure that produce haploid cells? | Gonads |
What are the 2 different types of gonads in male and female? | male is the testes --sperm cells female is the ovaries--egg or ova cells |
A sperm cell + egg cell = ???? | zygote cell |
What is the most complex stage in the meiosis I phase? | prophase I stage |
What are a few differences in meiosis I compared to mitosis. | 1. Synapsis happens-pairing of homologous chromosomes 2. tetrad are made--each pair of homologous chromosomes 3. The HC line up face to face 4. Crossing over occurs-exchanges ends 5. Regegentic recombination |
What does crossing-over means in meiosis I? | This is where they exchange instructions on the ends of the chromatids. |
During the anaphase I in meiosis, do the chormosomes line up independently or in order? | independently |
What is the difference with the starting prophase II and Prophase I in meiosis? | Prophase II starts with 2 haploid cells Prophase I starts with a diploid cell |
What are some differences between Prophase I and Prophase II? | In Prophase II, there is no homologous chromosomes coming together. 2. No crossing over 3. No tetrad 4. No replication |
During the telophase II phase in meiosis, how many new cells are formed? | 4 |