Muscular System Part 1

Anatomy and Physiology30 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts of the muscular system, including muscle types, structures, and functions. It provides essential information on muscle anatomy and physiology.

What are the three muscle types in the body?

skeletal, cardiac, smooth
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are the three muscle types in the body?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What is the endomysium?
a thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber
What is the perimysium?
connective tissue that surrounds groups of 10-100 individual muscle fibers separating them into bundles called fascicles.
What is the epimysium?
Connective tissue layer(outside muscle); an overcoat of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle
Where are smooth muscles found in the body?
walls of hollow organs (except heart) in the digestive system, blood vessels, and urinary system
How is cardiac muscle contraction regulated?
involuntary contraction

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TermDefinition
What are the three muscle types in the body?
skeletal, cardiac, smooth
What is the endomysium?
a thin layer of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber
What is the perimysium?
connective tissue that surrounds groups of 10-100 individual muscle fibers separating them into bundles called fascicles.
What is the epimysium?
Connective tissue layer(outside muscle); an overcoat of dense irregular connective tissue that surrounds the whole muscle
Where are smooth muscles found in the body?
walls of hollow organs (except heart) in the digestive system, blood vessels, and urinary system
How is cardiac muscle contraction regulated?
involuntary contraction
What are the functions of muscle?
producing movement, maintaining posture, stabilizing joints and generating heat
What is the sarcolemma?
specialized plasma membrane of muscle cells
What is the function of the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
stores calcium
What is myosin?
Thick filament protein with a head and elongated tail, the heads form cross bridges with the thin filaments during muscle contraction
What is actin?
Thin filament protein. Twisted into a double helix and appears like a double-stranded chain of pearls. Contains the myosin-binding site.
What is the neurotransmitter for muscle contraction?
acetylcholine (ACh)
What is the energy needed for muscle contraction?
stored ATP
What types of muscles are involuntary?
smooth and cardiac
What types of muscle are striated?
skeletal and cardiac
What type of muscle is voluntary?
skeletal
What type of muscle has intercalated discs?
cardiac
Where is glycogen stored in the muscle cells?
in glycosomes
What is the cytoplasm of the muscle cell?
sarcoplasm
What is the light area of the sarcomere?
I Band
What structure attaches a bone to a muscle?
tendon
What proteins are on actin?
tropomysin and troponin (in skeletal muscle)
What is the H Band?
the center part of the sarcomere that gets smaller when a muscle contracts and appears when the muscle relaxes
What ion stimulates the contraction of muscle?
calcium
What is the function of skeletal muscle?
movement of bones
What type of muscle forms most of the heart?
cardiac
What type of muscle exhibits autorhythmicity (beats with a steady rhythm)?
cardiac
What type of muscle forms the walls of hollow internal structures?
smooth
What type of muscles have a striped appearance?
skeletal and cardiac
What is the contractile unit of muscle?
sarcomere