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Muscular System Part 2

Anatomy and Physiology32 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts of the muscular system, including muscle cell properties, structures, and functions involved in muscle contraction.

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What is another name for a muscle cell?

muscle fiber
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is another name for a muscle cell?
muscle fiber
What is the ability of an electrical impulse to stimulate a muscle cell to contract?
excitability
What is the ability of muscle cells to shorten and generate a pulling force?
contractility
What is the muscles' ability to be stretched back to its original length by contraction of an opposing muscle?
extensibility
What is a cross bridge?
The connection of a myosin head group to an actin filament during muscle contraction (the sliding filament theory)
What is the ability of a muscle to recoil after being stretched?
elasticity
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Muscular System Part 2
TermDefinition
What is another name for a muscle cell?
muscle fiber
What is the ability of an electrical impulse to stimulate a muscle cell to contract?
excitability
What is the ability of muscle cells to shorten and generate a pulling force?
contractility
What is the muscles' ability to be stretched back to its original length by contraction of an opposing muscle?
extensibility
What is a cross bridge?
The connection of a myosin head group to an actin filament during muscle contraction (the sliding filament theory)
What is the ability of a muscle to recoil after being stretched?
elasticity
A sarcomere is the distance between two __ ?
Z discs
The thicker filaments are the ________filaments.
myosin
Both actin and myosin are found in the _______band.
A
What is troponin?
a regulatory protein that moves tropomyosin aside & exposes myosin binding sites when Ca+ is released during muscle contraction
What causes the striations of skeletal muscles?
Arrangements of myofilaments
What are striations?
the light and dark stripes in skeletal and cardiac muscles
True or False--The sliding filament model of contraction involves actin and myosin sliding past each other but not shortening.
True
What is tropomyosin?
It is a long, fibrous protein that winds around the actin polymer, blocking all the myosin-binding sites.
What is myoglobin?
A protein that holds a reserve supply of oxygen in muscle cells?
What is the sarcoplasmic reticulum?
an elaborate network of membranes in skeletal muscle cells that functions in calcium storage
What is sarcoplasm?
the cytoplasm of a striated muscle fiber
What is the neuromuscular junction?
point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell
What is glycogen?
a complex carbohydrate consisting of stored glucose molecules in skeletal muscles; breaks down to release glucose when it is needed for energy.
List the structures in order from largest to smallest -sarcomere, myofibrils, muscle, actin & myosin, muscle fibers, fascicle
muscle, fascicles, muscle fibers, myofibrils, sarcomere, actin & myosin
What is a fascicle?
A bundle of skeletal muscle cells. Fascicles group together to form skeletal muscles.
What is the origin of a muscle?
less moveable of the two bones is considered to be the starting point of the muscle
What is the insertion of a muscle?
the end of a muscle attached to a movable part
What is an aponeurosis?
Broad, flat, sheet like connective tissue that connects muscles to a bone or another muscle
What is a myofilament?
threadlike structures found in myofibrils which aid in contraction, composed of myosin (thick) and actin (thin)
What is the M-line?
supporting proteins that hold the thick filaments together in the H zone
What is a cross bridge?
The connection of a myosin head group to an actin filament during muscle contraction (the sliding filament theory).
What is the sliding filament theory?
theory that actin filaments slide toward each other during muscle contraction, while the myosin filaments are still
What is titin?
elastic protein, keeps thick and thin filaments aligned
What is acetylcholine?
neurotransmitter that diffuses across a synapse and produces an impulse in the cell membrane of a muscle cell
What is the function of calcium ions in muscle contraction?
when released from the SR, they stimulate the reaction leading to muscle contraction by attaching to regulatory proteins on actin.
What is an action potential?
Electrical impulse that travels down the axon triggering the release of neurotransmitters