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demonstrated the effects of the social context on impression formation. Once admitted to a mental hospital, the pseudopatients were viewed, especially by hospital staff, as being schizophrenic even though they did not exhibit any abnormal behaviors.
Pseudopatient Study (Rosenhan)
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
demonstrated the effects of the social context on impression formation. Once admitted to a mental hospital, the pseudopatients were viewed, especially by hospital staff, as being schizophrenic even though they did not exhibit any abnormal behaviors.
Pseudopatient Study (Rosenhan)
is the tendency to resist being influenced or manipulated by others, usually by doing the opposite of what is expected or requested.
Psychological Reactance
Sherif's research with boys at a summer camp demonstrated that the most effective way to reduce intergroup hostility is having the members of the groups cooperate to achieve a mutual (superordinate) goal.
Robber's Cave Study (Sherif)
Schemata (schemas) are cognitive structures that organize past information and experience and provide a framework for processing and understanding new information and experiences.
Schemata
predicts that people make attributions about their own attitudes and behaviors on the basis of observations of their behaviors and other external cues.
Self-Perception Theory
refers to the tendency to attribute our own successes to dispositional (internal) factors and failures to situational (external) factors.
Self-Serving Bias
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
demonstrated the effects of the social context on impression formation. Once admitted to a mental hospital, the pseudopatients were viewed, especially by hospital staff, as being schizophrenic even though they did not exhibit any abnormal behaviors. | Pseudopatient Study (Rosenhan) |
is the tendency to resist being influenced or manipulated by others, usually by doing the opposite of what is expected or requested. | Psychological Reactance |
Sherif's research with boys at a summer camp demonstrated that the most effective way to reduce intergroup hostility is having the members of the groups cooperate to achieve a mutual (superordinate) goal. | Robber's Cave Study (Sherif) |
Schemata (schemas) are cognitive structures that organize past information and experience and provide a framework for processing and understanding new information and experiences. | Schemata |
predicts that people make attributions about their own attitudes and behaviors on the basis of observations of their behaviors and other external cues. | Self-Perception Theory |
refers to the tendency to attribute our own successes to dispositional (internal) factors and failures to situational (external) factors. | Self-Serving Bias |
predicts that people prefer to receive feedback from others that is consistent with their own self-evaluations. | Self-Verification Theory |
theory predicts that people use other (usually similar) people as sources of comparison to evaluate their own attitudes and behaviors. | Social Comparison Theory |
predicts that a person's decision to leave a relationship depends on the relationship's costs and rewards - i.e., a person is likely to stay in a relationship when rewards exceed costs but leave when costs are greater than rewards. | Social Exchange Theory |
predicts that people have three "categories of judgment" by which they evaluate persuasive messages - a latitude of acceptance, a latitude of non-commitment, and a latitude of rejection - and that people are most likely to be persuaded when the message is within their latitude of acceptance. | Social Judgment Theory |
predicts that learning can occur simply by observing the behavior of a model. It has been used to explain the acquisition of aggressive behaviors (e.g., the effects of media violence). | Social Learning Theory |
can be achieved only when individuals or members of different groups work together cooperatively and have been found useful for reducing intergroup conflict. | Superordinate Goals |
Sears et al. propose that that symbolic (modern) racism has gradually taken the place of "old-fashioned" racism and that symbolic racists believe that African Americans and other minorities violate such traditional American values as individualism, self-reliance, and the work ethic. They also deny their prejudice and attribute the social and economic problems of minority group members to internal factors (e.g., a lack of effort and discipline). | Symbolic Racism |
predicts that attitudes are accurate predictors of behavior when the attitude measure assesses all three components of the behavioral intention - the person's attitude toward engaging in the behavior, what the person believes other people think he or she should do, and the person's perceived behavioral control. | Theory of Planned Behavior |
is the tendency to remember interrupted and unfinished tasks better than completed ones, especially in non-stressful situations. | Zeigarnik Effect |