Back to AI Flashcard MakerAnatomy and Physiology /Nursing ATI TEAS 7 Test Part 4
Nursing ATI TEAS 7 Test Part 4
This deck covers key concepts related to hormones, the nervous system, the muscular system, the reproductive system, and the integumentary system, as outlined in the ATI TEAS 7 Test Part 4.
Hormones
have key roles in many aspects of digestion including regulating the sensations of hunger and satiety, stimulating secretions and glucose uptake, modulating digestive action and movement of food through the small intestine, and including glycogen breakdown
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Hormones
have key roles in many aspects of digestion including regulating the sensations of hunger and satiety, stimulating secretions and glucose uptake, modu...
Mouth
Enzymes: salivary amylase, salivary lipase. Major hormones: none
Stomach
Enzymes: gastric lipase, pepsin (ogen). Major hormones: gastrin, ghrelin
Pancreas
Enzymes: pancreatic juice, protease. Major hormones: secretin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon
Small intestine
brush border enzymes. Major hormones: cholecystokinin
Nervous System (main functions)
controls involuntary and voluntary movement, sends motor signals, takes in and processes information from the body and the environment
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Hormones | have key roles in many aspects of digestion including regulating the sensations of hunger and satiety, stimulating secretions and glucose uptake, modulating digestive action and movement of food through the small intestine, and including glycogen breakdown |
Mouth | Enzymes: salivary amylase, salivary lipase. Major hormones: none |
Stomach | Enzymes: gastric lipase, pepsin (ogen). Major hormones: gastrin, ghrelin |
Pancreas | Enzymes: pancreatic juice, protease. Major hormones: secretin, somatostatin, insulin, glucagon |
Small intestine | brush border enzymes. Major hormones: cholecystokinin |
Nervous System (main functions) | controls involuntary and voluntary movement, sends motor signals, takes in and processes information from the body and the environment |
Central Nervous System (CNS) | brain and spinal cord |
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) | nerves and ganglia that branch out to the rest of the body. Includes the autonomic nerves system and somatic nervous system |
Autonomic Nervous System | controls involuntary movement such as heart rate and rhythm, digestion, and respiration |
Somatic Nervous System | controls voluntary movements using skeletal muscles |
Nerves | bundles of axons (nerve fibers) that transmit signals (or electrical impulses) from the CNS to the peripheral organs |
Neuron | nerve cell. Includes the cell body, dendrite, axon (with terminal), and myelin sheath |
Afferent Neuron | transmit sensory information to the CNS |
Efferent Neuron | send messages to the muscles |
Neurotransmitters | chemical messengers secreted from the axon terminals of neurons into the synapses (small gaps at the ends of neurons). They carry signals from neurons to other neurons or to muscle cells. |
Muscular System | along with the nervous system, controls involuntary and voluntary movement |
3 Types of Muscle Tissue | skeletal (striated, strong, associated with voluntary muscle movement), smooth (non-striated, associated with autonomic nervous systems, 'involuntary movement'), and cardiac (heart muscle, striated, has internal pacemaker) |
Muscles | soft tissues, or myofibrils, made up of sarcomere units, each containing long strands of actin (thin protein filaments) and myosin (thick protein filaments). Muscle fibers are connected to nerve fibers and respond to nerve impulses to produce force and motion. The actin and myosin filaments slide past each other to contract or relax the muscle. Most skeletal muscles attach to bones by tendons. |
Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) | a compound that provides energy to cells. It is needed for muscle movement. It is generated from food by mitochondria |
Striations | light and dark bands on skeletal and cardiac muscle, caused by the sliding of myosin and actin filaments |
Tendons | bands of connective tissue and collagen fibers that attach muscles to bone |
Reproductive System (main functions) | works with the endocrine system to influence maturation, reproduction, and other functions |
Major components of the male system | penis, vas deferens, urethra, prostate, seminal vesicles, testes, scrotum |
Testes | the primary male reproductive organ which contain seminiferous tubules that produce sperm |
Scrotum | holds the testes away from the from the body to lower their temperature for sperm production |
Major components of the female system | ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, labia majora and minora, clitoris |
Estrogen | is made in the ovaries and causes the egg to mature and the uterine endometrium to thicken |
Fertilization | fusion of the egg and sperm which occurs in the Fallopian tube. A fertilized egg (zygote) divides and becomes a blastocyst. |
Implantation | attachment in the uterus of a blastocyst, which develop into an embryo and then fetus |
Placenta | temporary organ that forms during pregnancy to nourish the growing embryo/fetus and remove waste products. It gives rise to the umbilical cord |
Integumentary System (main functions) | protects the body from pathogens and the environment; regulates temperature |
Integumentary system (main structures) | skin (the body's largest organ); hair; nails; and sebaceous (sebum), sudoriferous (sweat), and ceruminous (earwax) glands |
Thermoregulation | when the body is too warm, sweat is produced and released. When the body is too cold, blood vessels constrict, reducing the amount of blood brought to the skin's surface |
What does the skin produce when exposed to ultraviolet light? | vitamin D |
3 Main layers of the skin | epidermis (contains melanocytes, which affect skin pigment), dermis (contains hair follicles, nerve endings, blood vessels, glands), and hypodermic (or subcutaneous layer) |