Back to AI Flashcard MakerBiology /Nursing ATI TEAS 7 Test Part 6
Organ
a collective group of tissues with shared functions; examples are the heart and kidneys. Organs with the same function make up organ systems, such as the digestive system. All of the organ systems work together to coordinate the functioning of the organism
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Organ
a collective group of tissues with shared functions; examples are the heart and kidneys. Organs with the same function make up organ systems, such as ...
Tissue
a collective group of cells with similar structure and shared functions. The four basic tissue types are connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous.
Lysosome
organelle that helps in digestion, waste removal, and recycling of cell materials; may aid in destroying pathogens
Macromolecule
a type of very large chemical compound (polymer). There are four major classes carbohydrates (sugars and starches), lipids (fats, oils, phospholipids,...
Mitochondria
organelle that produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP
Nucleus
membrane-bound organelle containing chromosomes, which store the genetic information
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Organ | a collective group of tissues with shared functions; examples are the heart and kidneys. Organs with the same function make up organ systems, such as the digestive system. All of the organ systems work together to coordinate the functioning of the organism |
Tissue | a collective group of cells with similar structure and shared functions. The four basic tissue types are connective, epithelial, muscle, and nervous. |
Lysosome | organelle that helps in digestion, waste removal, and recycling of cell materials; may aid in destroying pathogens |
Macromolecule | a type of very large chemical compound (polymer). There are four major classes carbohydrates (sugars and starches), lipids (fats, oils, phospholipids, steroids, waxes; all are insoluble in water), proteins, and nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) |
Mitochondria | organelle that produces energy for the cell in the form of ATP |
Nucleus | membrane-bound organelle containing chromosomes, which store the genetic information |
Nucleolus | structure in nucleus that assembles proteins and RNA into ribosomes (organelles that synthesize proteins). |
Organelles | small structures in the cell's cytoplasm that carry out specific functions, such as protein synthesis and energy production |
Ribosome | organelle that synthesizes proteins |
Vacuole | organelle used for storage, such as for water (especially in plant cells), toxins, or waste products |
Cell division | cells can be created only by preexisting cells. The two types of cell division are mitosis and meiosis |
Mitosis | division and replication of the nuclear material (DNA) into two identical nuclei. Cytokinesis typically occurs, in which the cytoplasm of the cell then divides to create two identical daughter cells. |
Meiosis | process for division of gametes (sex cells). Two-round process that reduces the chromosome number from diploid to haploid and creates cells that genetically identical. |
Phases of cell division | interphase (all the stages before the main phases), prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophases. In meiosis, there are two rounds of these phases (meiosis I and meiosis II). |
Allele | one of two or more versions of a gene. Individual inherit two alleles for each gene, one from each parent. The dominant allele is the stronger one, and the recessive allele is the weaker. |
Chromosome | a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells. Humans have 22 pairs plus a pair of sex chromosomes (XX for women, XY for men), for a total of 46 chromosomes. |
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | a macromolecule that carries the genetic information in cells. It consists of two long chains of nucleotides (a sugar molecule, a phosphate molecule, and a chemical base) twisted into a double-helix structure and joined by hydrogen bonds. The bases are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T), and they pair up with each other: A pairs with T and G pairs with C. The sequence of these bases determines the exact information |
Genes | the basic units of heredity. They act as instructions to make proteins (structural genes) or control the expression of other genes (regulatory genes) |
Genotype | the genetic makeup of an organism or cell |
Heterozygote | an individual who has inherited two different alleles for a particular trait |
Homozygote | an individual who has inherited two of the same alleles for a particular trait |
Mendel's Law of Inheritance | law of segregation (parent alleles are randomly separated in meiosis so that each offspring receives only one allele from each pair), law of independent assortment (alleles for separate traits are inherited independently of each other), and law of dominance (a dominant allele is expressed over the recessive allele, which is expressed only when both alleles are recessive). |
Phenotype | an individual's observable and biochemical characteristics, such as height, eye color, and blood type |
Proteins | an important class of molecules found in all living cells; composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, the sequence of which corresponds to the DNA sequence of the gene that encodes it. |
Punnett Square | a diagram to show the possible genotypes from a reproductive cross (demonstrating Mendel's law of independent assortment). Dominant alleles are represented by capital letters and recessive alleles are represented by lowercase letters. |