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Nursing ATI TEAS 7 Test Part 7

Biology25 CardsCreated 3 months ago

This deck covers key concepts in biology and chemistry, including RNA, microorganisms, atomic structure, and chemical bonding, as relevant to the ATI TEAS 7 test.

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Ribonucleic acid (RNA)

a macromolecule that acts as a messenger to carry instructions from the DNA. Types include messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
a macromolecule that acts as a messenger to carry instructions from the DNA. Types include messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RN...
Microorganisms (microbes)
organisms are usually too small to be seen without a microscope. They include bacteria, fungi, (yeasts and mold), protozoa (protists), animals (such a...
Microscopes
use either a light source or an electron beam for magnification and visualization
Infectious diseases
are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that enter the body, and some can be transmitted from one person to another (contagious). Noninfectious diseas...
Atom
the fundamental unit of matter and the smallest unit that retains the properties of a chemical element. The nucleus (core) of an atom contains neutron...
Atomic Number
defined by the number of protons. All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number
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Nursing ATI TEAS 7 Test Part 7
TermDefinition
Ribonucleic acid (RNA)
a macromolecule that acts as a messenger to carry instructions from the DNA. Types include messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA).
Microorganisms (microbes)
organisms are usually too small to be seen without a microscope. They include bacteria, fungi, (yeasts and mold), protozoa (protists), animals (such as parasitic worms), and viruses (non living). Although microorganisms support all life through their roles in human, animal, and environmental health (including oxygen generation and photosynthesis), some are pathogenic (cause infectious diseases).
Microscopes
use either a light source or an electron beam for magnification and visualization
Infectious diseases
are caused by pathogenic microorganisms that enter the body, and some can be transmitted from one person to another (contagious). Noninfectious diseases are caused by environmental, genetic, lifestyle, aging, or other factors; they cannot be spread from person to person.
Atom
the fundamental unit of matter and the smallest unit that retains the properties of a chemical element. The nucleus (core) of an atom contains neutrons (neutral) and protons (positive. Electrons (negative) are outside the nucleus in 'pathways' called orbitals (electron cloud). They increase in energy as they get farther away from the nucleus.
Atomic Number
defined by the number of protons. All atoms of the same element have the same atomic number
Atomic weight
number below the element's symbol in the periodic table, measured in atomic mass units (amu)
Covalent bond
a chemical bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms
Fission
a nuclear reaction occurring when a nucleus splits into smaller nuclei
Fusion
a nuclear reaction occurring when small nuclei combine to make a larger nucleus
Ion
a positively or negatively charged particle formed when an atom or molecule gains or loses one or more electrons. An anion is a negatively charged ion formed by electron gain. A cation is a positively charged ion formed by electron loss.
Ionic bond
the bond between two oppositely charged ions
Isotopes
two forms of the same element that have the same number of protons plus different number of neutrons.
Mass Number
number of protons plus number of neutrons. The mass of electrons is negligible
Neutral atoms
has equal number of protons and neutrons
Noble (inert) gases
elements that have full valence shells and are very stable and fairly nonreactive. They are represented in group 18 in the periodic table and include helium and neon.
Nonpolar
a type of covalent bond in which two atoms share electrons
Octet rule
tendency of elements to bond so tat atoms will have with electrons in their valence shells
Periodic table
an arrangement of the chemical elements according to increasing atomic numbers. It includes groups (columns) and seven periods (rows). An element's position in the layout provides a lot of information. For example, elements in the same group have the same electron configuration in their valence (outermost shell) and will tend to have similar chemical reactiveness.
Polar
a molecule that has negative and positive sides
Shell
electron orbitals that have similar energy. Shells closer to the nucleus have less energy and are more stable.
Subatomic particles
protons, neutrons, electrons
Valence electrons
electrons in orbitals farthest from the nucleus. They participate in bonding with other atoms (chemical reactions).
States of matter
matter is made up of molecules; 4 states
Solid
a substance with a defined volume and shape. It retains its shape and density when not contained. The molecules are close together (cohesion strong)