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Pharm Y2S2 - Liver
This deck covers key concepts related to liver function, liver diseases, and their treatments, as taught in the second year of pharmacy studies.
Describe the blood supply of the liver.
20% from hepatic artery 80% from portal vein
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Describe the blood supply of the liver.
20% from hepatic artery 80% from portal vein
What are the main functions of the liver?
Storage of glycogen and fat soluble vitamins Synthesis of proteins (albumin) T cell proliferation Clearance/metabolism
Describe the 4 main liver function tests.
Bilirubin- break down of red blood cells Gamma-glutamyl transferase- raised in recent alcohol consumption Alanine aminotransferase- can indicate hepat...
What liver test results can be indicative of hepatocyte damage?
Raised AST, ALT, gamma-GT, total bilirubin
What liver test results can be indicative of cholestatic damage (blockage)?
Increased conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphate, cholesterol
What is acute liver disease?
Liver disease lasting less than 6 months due to inflammation/damage to hepatocytes
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Describe the blood supply of the liver. | 20% from hepatic artery 80% from portal vein |
What are the main functions of the liver? | Storage of glycogen and fat soluble vitamins Synthesis of proteins (albumin) T cell proliferation Clearance/metabolism |
Describe the 4 main liver function tests. | Bilirubin- break down of red blood cells Gamma-glutamyl transferase- raised in recent alcohol consumption Alanine aminotransferase- can indicate hepatocyte injury Prothrombin time- represents levels of clotting factors being produced |
What liver test results can be indicative of hepatocyte damage? | Raised AST, ALT, gamma-GT, total bilirubin |
What liver test results can be indicative of cholestatic damage (blockage)? | Increased conjugated bilirubin, alkaline phosphate, cholesterol |
What is acute liver disease? | Liver disease lasting less than 6 months due to inflammation/damage to hepatocytes |
What are the major causes of acute liver disease? | Drugs Acute hepatitis |
What are the most common causes of hepatitis A? | Recent travel |
What are the most common causes of hepatitis B? | Tattoos Blood transfusions |
What is the treatment for hepatitis B? | Healthcare professionals are given vaccinations Tenofovir/entecavir with interferon alpha 2a |
What are the most common causes of hepatitis C? | Blood transfusions IV drug use |
What is the treatment of hepatitis C? | Ribavarin Interferon alpha 2b |
In what conditions can hepatitis D cause liver damage? | Can only propagate in the presence of hepatitis B. |
What is hepatitis E? | Self limiting but does not cause chronic disease. |
What is type A drug induced liver disease? | Predictable, dose dependent and affects most patients with sufficient dose. |
What is type B drug induced liver disease? | Dose independent with a latent period of weeks to months |
Give examples of drugs causing type B drug induced liver disease? | Isoniazid Chlorpromazine |
What is acute hepatitis? | Presents with jaundice but spontaneously recovers |
What is chronic liver disease? | Liver disease lasting over 6 months |
What are the common causes of chronic liver disease? | Hepatitis C Alcohol consumption Primary biliary cirrhosis Autoimmune hepatitis Cancer |
Why can liver disease be difficult to detect? | Symptoms are vague such as fatigue, fever, nausea |
Give examples of specific liver disease symptoms. | Spider naevi Gynecomastia Splenomegaly Oedema Clubbing Xanthelasmas |
What are the symptoms are end stage liver disease? | Hepatic flap Ascites Neurological changes Oesophageal varices |
What is the most common cause of liver disease in the UK? | Alcohol |
What is pruritus? | Build up of bile salts in the skin leading to itching |
What is ascites? | Build cup of fluid in abdominal cavity, treated with diuretics |
What are the symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy? | Abnormal mental state Hepatic flap Fetor hepaticus breath (sweet but fecal) |
What is hepatic encephalopathy? | Build up of toxins, mainly nitrogenous due to reduced liver function |
What is oesophageal varices? | Dilated submucosal veins, large amount of blood loss |
What is the treatment for alcohol withdrawal? | Reducing regime of chlordiazepoxide Vitamin B co-strong and thiamine Water soluble vitamin K |