Positive Psychology: WJEC: As Psychology Terms Part 4
A set of 30 flashcards covering key concepts in positive psychology, research methods, and measurement scales in psychology.
What is a pilot study?
This is an initial survey usually quite brief that is given out to a few people to get feedback from participants and also for the researcher to review before going on to a more formal study. This gives the researcher a chance to remove any problematic questions or issues.
Key Terms
What is a pilot study?
This is an initial survey usually quite brief that is given out to a few people to get feedback from participants and also for the researcher to re...
Describe the positive approach.
This is the study of optimal human living that aims to help people prosper and lead healthier more satisfactory lives. It has been popularised by M...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is a pilot study? | This is an initial survey usually quite brief that is given out to a few people to get feedback from participants and also for the researcher to review before going on to a more formal study. This gives the researcher a chance to remove any problematic questions or issues. |
Describe the positive approach. | This is the study of optimal human living that aims to help people prosper and lead healthier more satisfactory lives. It has been popularised by Martin Seligman but has a long history going back to the Ancient Greeks. |
Describe a positive correlation. | As one variable increases, so does the other. |
Describe the difference between primary and secondary sources. | Primary sources are gathered by the researcher, while secondary sources are gathered from other people's research. |
What is progressive relaxation? | A technique in which the client learns to relax tension in muscles related to stress or anxiety to enable them to discuss or change how they react to stimuli. |
What is the psyche to a psychodynamicist? | The mind. |
Describe the psychodynamic approach. | The mind is seen as being influenced by changing and powerful unconscious forces, commonly associated with the work of Freud and his followers. |
What is the psychological approach in general? | Mental health problems resulting from abnormal thoughts and feelings originate in our psychology. |
Describe psychological therapies. | Techniques such as psychoanalysis, systematic desensitisation, and cognitive behavioural therapies that assume mental health issues are derived from our psychology. |
What is psychosurgery? | The therapy that aims to remove the symptoms of mental illness by destroying areas of the brain associated with the relevant dysfunction. |
What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative? | Quantitative data is numerical, while qualitative data is in the form of opinions or words. |
Describe quality-of-life therapy. | A positive approach therapy that aims to help clients identify and meet their goals and wishes in life. |
Describe quota sampling. | A method of sampling in which proportions of different groups within the target population are calculated and given a quota, and when the quota is satisfied, any other ppts from that Segment will be ignored. |
Describe random sampling. | A method of sampling in which all participants have an equal probability of being chosen, e.g. from electoral registration number or being pulled out of a hat. |
Describe range in statistics. | A measure of dispersion in statistics that shows how much the data is dispersed. |
Name for measurement scales. | Cardinal, ordinal, ratio, interval. Data can be measured in any of these four styles. |
What is ratio data? | Ratio scales are the best when it comes to measurement scales because they tell us about the order, they tell us the exact value between units, AND they also have an absolute zero–which allows for a wide range of both descriptive and inferential statistics to be applied. |
What is interval scales/data? | Interval scales are numeric scales in which we know not only the order, but also the exact differences between the values. E.g. temperature, because the difference between each value is the same. For example, the difference between 60 and 50 degrees is a measurable 10 degrees, as is the difference between 80 and 70 degrees. Time is another good example of an interval scale in which the increments are known, consistent, and measurable. |
What is rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT)? | This is the therapy that seeks to replace irrational thoughts with rational thoughts so that behaviour can change over time. This is a cognitive theory. Example, "My life is either really good or really bad." This is a cognitive distortion that can lead to emotional issues, whereas the therapy would point out that life is more complicated then either good/bad. |
Describe reciprocal inhibition. | In systematic desensitisation, a client's stress response becomes inhibited because it is incompatible with another action. |
What is reconstructive memory? | The theory that we don't store exact records of events in our memory, but that when we recall information, it changes according to our logic and commonsense. |
Describe reinforcement. | Something that increases the probability of a behaviour happening again, used in learning theories. |
What is reliability generally speaking? | Also known as consistency. A study is reliable such that when repeated, its findings are similar. |
Describe repeated measures design. | A design in which each participant takes part in an experiment on more than one occasion, and the person's performance is compared under each condition that is changed. |
What is researcher bias? | When researchers behave in ways that may influence investigation, e.g. in the language or behaviour that they use that may subtly mean something to ppts and hence change research outcomes. |
What is sampling? | The act of choosing participants for a study. |
What is a sampling frame? | A method used to select participants from a target population based on characteristics. A population is everybody that could be targeted, while a sampling frame lists particular characteristics or names. E.g. a population study of towns and villages over 1000 people in Somerset, a sampling frame would list all of those towns and villages. |
What is a scattergram? | A scatterplot or scatter graph used to depict potentially correlating data: y versus x axes and data plotted according to the surveys. |
What are schema? | A collection of ideas for people, places, activities; a cognitive framework on how we associate ideas in our minds. |
What is a self report? | A method of getting data from people in which the ppts provide the information themselves through a questionnaire or interview. |