Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Positive Psychology: WJEC: As Psychology Terms Part 5
Positive Psychology: WJEC: As Psychology Terms Part 5
This deck covers key concepts and terms from Positive Psychology, focusing on interview types, sampling methods, brain functions, and more, as outlined in the WJEC AS Psychology curriculum.
What is a semistructured interview?
Semistructured lies between a fully structured interview in which the same questions are asked each participant, and open interview in which no predetermined questions are formed. In the semistructured interview there are topics that the researcher will cover but in which order is very much up to the particular interviewer.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is a semistructured interview?
Semistructured lies between a fully structured interview in which the same questions are asked each participant, and open interview in which no predet...
Describe separation anxiety.
This is the stress that children show on the separation of somebody who is a primary caregiver (loved one) as well as the approach of somebody unfamil...
What is snowball sampling?
Used by researchers to find similar ppts, by asking current participants for referrals as they may know people of a similar characteristic being sough...
What is social desirability?
When someone or a participant alters behaviour or responses to betray themselves in a way that is apparently desirable to society. E.g., financially p...
What is a standard deviation?
This is another measure of dispersion (see the range) which is calculated by formula to describe the average distance that values lie from the mean. A...
Describe stratified sampling.
This is when a researcher divides a population into strata, such as H or gender or profession and then participants are selected randomly from each...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is a semistructured interview? | Semistructured lies between a fully structured interview in which the same questions are asked each participant, and open interview in which no predetermined questions are formed. In the semistructured interview there are topics that the researcher will cover but in which order is very much up to the particular interviewer. |
Describe separation anxiety. | This is the stress that children show on the separation of somebody who is a primary caregiver (loved one) as well as the approach of somebody unfamiliar (fear). |
What is snowball sampling? | Used by researchers to find similar ppts, by asking current participants for referrals as they may know people of a similar characteristic being sought. E.g., Welsh speakers in London, Xanax addicts in 6th Form. |
What is social desirability? | When someone or a participant alters behaviour or responses to betray themselves in a way that is apparently desirable to society. E.g., financially prudent, professionally competent, Church going, studious. etc. |
What is a standard deviation? | This is another measure of dispersion (see the range) which is calculated by formula to describe the average distance that values lie from the mean. A low standard deviation means that the data are grouped around the mean, while a high standard deviation suggests the data are more dispersed. |
Describe stratified sampling. | This is when a researcher divides a population into strata, such as H or gender or profession and then participants are selected randomly from each strata based on a weighted proportion of the population. |
Describe stress. | This is the body's way of responding to a demand placed on it, a stressor. stress may be good or bad. Good stress ('eustress') motivates us to think clearer or work more effectively, While bad stress (distress) closes down how mental abilities and we can freeze. The body goes through a biochemical response in response to stress (release of adrenaline etc). |
What is a structured interview? | The same questions are given to each participant in the same order. |
What are summary statistics? | Researchers are keen to find the measures of central tendency and measures of dispersion to provide a summary of what they have found. |
What is systematic desensitisation? | Based on the behavioural approach and classical conditioning, it is used to help reduce feelings of anxiety. This may involve teaching relaxation while increasingly stressful stimuli or introduced: e.g. calming the mind before a small spider is introduced in a glass cage… then without the cage …and then a larger spider… And then a tarantula… |
Describe systematic sampling. | Choosing every nth person in a list. E.g., every fifth person on a list of 200 for a survey of 40. |
What is a target population? | All the members of a particular group from which ppts for a survey are chosen. E.g. students aged 16 to 17. |
Describe time sampling. | Making observations at certain time intervals within a given period. E.g. every five minutes for 60 minutes. |
Describe the tripartite personality. | Freud's theory that the adult is made up of three components, the id, ego, and superego. (Also used by the Ancient Greek thinker, Plato). |
What is valid consent? | Participants must be fully informed about a study before they agree to take part. Compare deception. |
What is validity in general? | The research investigate what it says it will investigate. In other words the researchers use appropriate measurements for the study. |
What is a variable? | Anything that is changed or controlled in research. These can be extraneous, independent, or dependent variables. |
What is volunteer sampling? | Sampling method in which participants volunteer to take part perhaps as a result of an advert. |
What is zero correlation? | Correlation data in which there is no relationship between variables. e.g., number of trees planted in 2018 in UK versus number of students taking psychology. |
Regarding the brain: what is the function of the frontal lobes? | Higher functions such as speech, thinking, motor control, and co-ordination of information from other lobes. |
What is the function of the parietal lobes? | Reception and interpretation of sensory information. |
What is the function of the occipital lobe? | Reception and processing of visual information. |
Areas of the brain cortex responsible for sensory information are called… | Primary areas (rather than association areas). |
How do neurones in the association (rather than primary) areas seem to function? | They don't appear to have specific function and seem more flexible in function and adaptation. |
What is Broca's area known for in the brain? | Speech. Damage to the left frontal cortex is important for guiding the muscles in the mouth to make a speech sounds. |
What is Wernicke's area known for in the brain? | Damage to the left temporal cortex (Wernicke's area) causes great difficulty in understanding speech. |
What are neurotransmitters? | The nervous system is made up of billions of cells called neurons which communicate with one another using electrical and chemical signals-these are neurotransmitters. |
What are synapses? | The gap between neurons over which neurotransmitters cross. |
Explain two aspects of communication in nervous cells. | Communication can either be an excitation or an inhibition. |
Reduced levels of dopamine are commonly found in which common disease for older patients? | Parkinson's disease. | Increased dopamine may help reduce symptoms |