Psychobiology: Y2 LCRS 2: Clinical Decision Making
This flashcard set explores how extraneous factors and cognitive biases can impact clinical decision-making. It includes examples such as junior-senior dynamics, and defines key biases like confirmatory bias, sunk cost fallacy, and the anchoring effect—all of which can lead to flawed judgments and errors in clinical settings.
Describe the effect of extraneous factors on clinical decision-making using an example.
Junior-senior relationship may lead to the wrong decision being made
Key Terms
Describe the effect of extraneous factors on clinical decision-making using an example.
Junior-senior relationship may lead to the wrong decision being made
What is Confirmatory Bias?
The tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one’s preconceptions, often leading to errors
What is the Sunk Cost Fallacy?
Rationally, the only factor affecting future action should be future cost/benefit ratio BUT humans do not always act rationally
Often, the more ...
What is the Anchoring Effect?
People start with an implicitly suggested reference point (the anchor) and make adjustments to it to reach their estimate – it influences the way p...
What is Gambler’s Fallacy?
A logical fallacy involving the mistaken belief that past events will affect future events when dealing with independent events
Define conditional probability.
Measures the probability of an event happening given that another event has occurred
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Describe the effect of extraneous factors on clinical decision-making using an example. | Junior-senior relationship may lead to the wrong decision being made |
What is Confirmatory Bias? | The tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that confirms one’s preconceptions, often leading to errors |
What is the Sunk Cost Fallacy? | Rationally, the only factor affecting future action should be future cost/benefit ratio BUT humans do not always act rationally |
What is the Anchoring Effect? | People start with an implicitly suggested reference point (the anchor) and make adjustments to it to reach their estimate – it influences the way people intuitively assess probabilities |
What is Gambler’s Fallacy? | A logical fallacy involving the mistaken belief that past events will affect future events when dealing with independent events |
Define conditional probability. | Measures the probability of an event happening given that another event has occurred |
What is Bayes’ theorem and what is it used for? | It is a theorem that measures conditional probability It is used in screening that involves false positives and false negatives such as mammograms/breast cancer |
State some strategies for improving clinical decision-making. | Recognise that heuristics and biases may be affecting our judgement even though we may not be conscious of them |