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Psychobiology: Y2 LCRS 2: Developmental Psychology

Psychology7 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

This flashcard set explains the roles of nature and nurture in development, defining temperament as an innate trait. It introduces the concept of reciprocal socialisation and outlines key stages in the development of attachment during infancy, including the emergence of stranger anxiety and secure base behaviour.

Define nature and nurture.

Nature – sets out their course via gender, genetics, temperament and maturational stages
Nurture – shapes this predetermined course via the environment, parenting, stimulation and nutrition

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

Define nature and nurture.

Nature – sets out their course via gender, genetics, temperament and maturational stages
Nurture – shapes this predetermined course via the envi...

Define temperament.

Innate aspects of an individual’s personality, such as introversion/extroversion

What is reciprocal socialisation?

Socialisation is bidirectional, children socialise parents as much as parents socialise children

Outline the stages of the development of attachment.

0-3 months = infants prefer people to inanimate objects –indiscriminate proximity seeking e.g. clinging
3-8 months = smile discriminantly at mai...

What are the two types of attachment?

Secure attachment – the baby freely explores the room and shows happiness on mother’s return
Insecure attachment – little exploration and little...

How is attachment assessed?

Ainsworth’s strange situation test - it tests how babies and young children respond to the temporary absence of their mother
It is interested in...

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TermDefinition

Define nature and nurture.

Nature – sets out their course via gender, genetics, temperament and maturational stages
Nurture – shapes this predetermined course via the environment, parenting, stimulation and nutrition

Define temperament.

Innate aspects of an individual’s personality, such as introversion/extroversion

What is reciprocal socialisation?

Socialisation is bidirectional, children socialise parents as much as parents socialise children

Outline the stages of the development of attachment.

0-3 months = infants prefer people to inanimate objects –indiscriminate proximity seeking e.g. clinging
3-8 months = smile discriminantly at main caregivers
8-12 months = selectively approaches main caregivers – use social referencing/familiar faces as a secure base to explore new situations –shows fear of strangers and separation anxiety
12+ months = attachment behaviour is measured reliably

What are the two types of attachment?

Secure attachment – the baby freely explores the room and shows happiness on mother’s return
Insecure attachment – little exploration and little emotional response to mother

How is attachment assessed?

Ainsworth’s strange situation test - it tests how babies and young children respond to the temporary absence of their mother
It is interested in two things:
 How much the child explores the room on their own
 How the child responds to the return of the mothe

Describe Piaget’s model of cognitive development.

Sensorimotor stage (0-2 years)
 Infants understand the world primarily through sensory experiences and physical (motor) interactions with objects
Preoperational stage (2-7 years)
 World is represented symbolically through words and mental images
 There is no understanding of basic mental operations or rules
Concrete operational stage (7-12 years)
 Children can perform basic mental operations concerning problems that involve tangible (concrete) objects and situations