Psychological - Chapters 9 and 10 Tests of Intelligence Part 1
A test’s appeal depends on seven key factors: the underlying theory, ease of administration, scoring, and interpretation, the adequacy of norms, the reliability and validity levels, and its overall utility in terms of cost versus benefit.
A tests appeal is based on 7 factors:
Theory on which the test is based
Ease with which test administered
Ease of scoring
Ease of results interpretation
Adequcy and appropriateness of norms
Acceptability of reliability and validity indices
Utility interms of costs versus benefit.
Key Terms
A tests appeal is based on 7 factors:
Theory on which the test is based
Ease with which test administered
Ease of scoring
Ease of results interpretation
Adequcy ...
Thurstone’s claim to fame:
Lois Thurstone conceived intelligence test based on theory… PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES test. (1938)
Consisted of separate tests each designed t...
Thurstone’s Primary Mental Abilities Test consisted of 7 abilities. What were they?
verbal meaning
perceptual speed
reasoning.
number facility
rote memory
word fluency
spatial relations
Binet’s test developed through necessity.
What was it’s basis?
Binet and Theodore Simon created the world’s first formal test of intelligence in 1905.
Aim: to develop a screen for developmentally disabled...
Lewis Madison Terman
extended the Binet-Simon Intelligence test.
What was it?
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale.
Based on research… methodological approach… included normative studies.
The Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales introduced three main factors:
Organized & detailed scoring and administration instructions
Employed the concept of IQ
Introduced the concept of an alternate Item...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
A tests appeal is based on 7 factors: | Theory on which the test is based Ease with which test administered Ease of scoring Ease of results interpretation Adequcy and appropriateness of norms Acceptability of reliability and validity indices Utility interms of costs versus benefit. |
Thurstone’s claim to fame: | Lois Thurstone conceived intelligence test based on theory… PRIMARY MENTAL ABILITIES test. (1938) Consisted of separate tests each designed to measure one PMA. |
Thurstone’s Primary Mental Abilities Test consisted of 7 abilities. What were they? | verbal meaning perceptual speed reasoning. number facility rote memory word fluency spatial relations |
Binet’s test developed through necessity. What was it’s basis? | Binet and Theodore Simon created the world’s first formal test of intelligence in 1905. Aim: to develop a screen for developmentally disabled Paris school children. 1912: Modified version extended the range to 2 year-olds. |
Lewis Madison Terman extended the Binet-Simon Intelligence test. What was it? | The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale. Based on research… methodological approach… included normative studies. |
The Stanford Binet Intelligence Scales introduced three main factors: | Organized & detailed scoring and administration instructions Employed the concept of IQ Introduced the concept of an alternate Item to be used only under certain conditions. |
Wha is an alternate item? | An alternate item mght be used if a regular item had not beenadministered properly by the examiner. |
Stanford-Binet Test Revision in 1960 had significant changes. | Only a single form test labelled L-M No new items added Major innoveation was the use of the deviation IQ tables in place of ratio tables (that were based on mental age). |
What did the ratio IQ show? | The ratio IQ is the ratio of the test taker’s mental age divided by chronological age, multiplied by 100 to eliminate decimals. The third edition of the SB, applied the deviation IQ!! |
What is the Deviation IQ? | The deviation IQ (Intelligence Quotient) reflects a comparison of the performance of the individual with the performance of others the same age in the standardization sample. Test performance is converted into a standard score with a mean of 100 and a SD of 16. |
Sternberg: What is Intelligence? | The ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Sternberg |
Definition of IQ? David Wechsler | Intelligence is the capacity to learn and use the skills that are required for successful adaptation to the demands of one’s cultural environment. Cultural influence Cultural relativity Environment |
History of Intelligence Research Mid 1800’s | Sir Francis Galton: Believed ‘genius’ ran in families- attempted to demonstrate this |
History of Intelligence Research Early 1900’s | Alfred Binet: Modern Intelligence testing began (Binet-Simon test). Demonstrate ability in school children. |
History of Intelligence Research 1920’s | Charles Spearman: General intelligence & specific factors make up intelligence. |
History of Intelligence Research 1920’s-1930’s | Lewis Ternman: Translated His Stanford-Binet test became the “gold standard’ IQ test. |
History of Intelligence 1960’s onwards | David Wechsler: Proposed the Wechser Adult Intelligence Scale. Still in use today. |
THEORIES of Intelligence | Is Intelligence a unitary function? OR Composite of several independent cognitive abilities? Based on measurement alone, it is difficult to determine underlying determinant… need to look at this interms of behaviour. We do not know what is underpinnining this behaviour. |
History of Intelligence Charles Darwin | Darwin generated and proposed the technique of correlation. |
Measuring Intelligence Children | Children’s Testing The Binet-Simon test The Stanford-Binet Generation of IQ |
Measuring Intelligence Adults | **Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) - Verbal (GK, Vocab, Comprehension, Arithmetic) - Performance (Object Assembly, Picture Completion) **Cattell’s - Culture Fair Test - Non Verbal IQ * Progressive matrices **Tests of Intelligence Binet-Simon Stanford-Binet SB-5 Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAISIV latest) |
PATH OF PROGRESS TESTS | 1905 - single 'g 1935ish SB-R 1940 WISC 1956 WAIS 1960 SB-3 1970s WISC-R WAIS-R 1980's WAIS _R SB-4 SB-5 WISC III 1990 WAISIII WISC-IV |
TESTS BINET-SIMON 1905 | Child-aged… should be able to: 3 years - name pictures of objects; repeat lists of 2 words/digits 4 years - Discriminate shapes; repeat 10 word sentence; count up to 4 6 years - State difference between bird & dog; count up to 9; solve analogies 9 years - Solve verbal problems; repeat 4 digits in reverse 12 years- Repeat 5 words in reverse; define words such as muzzle or collar. |
Binet-Simon 3 factors based children’s test on: | Judgement Attention Reasoning He labelled individuals- e.g. moron, idiot, etc.. |
Stanford-Binet | 1986 introduced further abilities. | SB-4 Verbal reasoning Visual reasoning Quantitative resoning Short-term memory |