Psychological - Ethics PSY3041 Part 2
The principle of Openness involves honest, sincere communication and respecting client privacy, unless legally required to disclose. It supports APS Code of Ethics Principle A: Respect for rights and dignity
What are the key aspects required to uphold the principle of Openness?
Communication in the therapeutic relationship should be sincere and honest
Privacy should be upheld (except where legal requirements prevent this)
The Principle of Openness informs the APS Code of Ethics General Principle A: Respect for the rights & dignity of people & peoples
Key Terms
What are the key aspects required to uphold the principle of Openness?
Communication in the therapeutic relationship should be sincere and honest
Privacy should be upheld (except where legal requirements prevent ...
What are the key aspects required to uphold the principle of Goodwill?
Act in the interest of Others, not from self-interest
Doing more than the bare minimum for clients
Goodwill prevents many problems and ...
What are the key aspects required to uphold the principle of Suffering Prevention?
Involves the prevention and alleviation of suffering
one does not engage in activities that produce or increase suffering
This principl...
Which of the 3 main Theoretical Approaches to Ethics are Reflected in the APS Code of Ethics (2007)?
The Principles set out in the APS code of Ethics reflect mostly Deontological and Consequentialist views, but do contain shades of virtue ethics.
In what way does the APS Code of Ethics reflect the 3 main Theoretical Approaches to Ethics?
Psychologists have:
specific duties & standards of conduct
are required to think about the consequences of their actions &
<...What are the 3 General Principles of the APS Code of Ethics (2007)?
General Principle
A: Respect for the rights & dignity of people/s
B: Propriety
C: Integrity
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are the key aspects required to uphold the principle of Openness? | Communication in the therapeutic relationship should be sincere and honest Privacy should be upheld (except where legal requirements prevent this) The Principle of Openness informs the APS Code of Ethics General Principle A: Respect for the rights & dignity of people & peoples |
What are the key aspects required to uphold the principle of Goodwill? | Act in the interest of Others, not from self-interest Doing more than the bare minimum for clients Goodwill prevents many problems and helps resovle those that do arise The Principle of Prudence informs the APS Code of Ethics General Principles A, B, & C: Respect, Propriety, & Integrity |
What are the key aspects required to uphold the principle of Suffering Prevention? | Involves the prevention and alleviation of suffering one does not engage in activities that produce or increase suffering This principle is sometimes at odds with others, such as in the case of euthanasia - suffering prevention versus do no harm (prudence) |
Which of the 3 main Theoretical Approaches to Ethics are Reflected in the APS Code of Ethics (2007)? | The Principles set out in the APS code of Ethics reflect mostly Deontological and Consequentialist views, but do contain shades of virtue ethics. |
In what way does the APS Code of Ethics reflect the 3 main Theoretical Approaches to Ethics? | Psychologists have: specific duties & standards of conduct are required to think about the consequences of their actions & have good conduct |
What are the 3 General Principles of the APS Code of Ethics (2007)? | General Principle A: Respect for the rights & dignity of people/s B: Propriety C: Integrity |
What are the 7 key factors incorporated in General Principle A: Respect for the rights & dignity of people & peoples? | Justice Respect Informed Consent Privacy Confidentiality Release of information to clients Collection of client information from associated parties |
What are the values underpinned in General Principle A: Respect for the rights & dignity of people & peoples? | Psychologists regard people as intrinsically valuable & respect their rights, including the right to autonomy & justice. Psychologists engage in conduct which promotes equity & the protection of people's human rights, legal rights, & moral rights. They respect the dignity of all people & peoples |
What are the 13 factors incorporated in General Principle B: Propriety? | Competence Record Keeping Professional Responsibility Provision of psychological services to multiple clients Delegation of professional tasks Use of interpreters Collaborating with others for the benefit of clients Accepting clients from other professionals Suspension of psychological services Termination of psychological Services Conflicting demands Psychological Assessments Research |
What are the 7 factors incorporated in General Principle C: Integrity? | Reputable behaviour Communication Conflict of Interest Non-Exploitation Authorship Financial Arrangements Ethical investigations & concerns |
What are the key values underpinned in General Principle C: Integrity? | Psychologists recognise that their knowledge of the discipline of psychology, their professional standing, & the information they gather places them in a position of power & trust. They exercise this power appropriately & honour this position of trust. Psychologists keep faith with the nature & intentions of their professional relationships Psychologists act with probity & honesty in their conduct |
What might cause a psychologist who has a good knowledge of the APS Code of Ethics and the first-level principles to fail to perceive an Ethical problem? | A psychologist might fail to perceive 2 principles in conflict and fall into an ethical trap |
What are the 4 Ethical traps that interfere with a person's ability to recognise that an ethical dilemma? | The Common-sense, Objectivity Trap The Values Trap The Circumstantiality Trap The Who Will Benefit? Trap |
What are the key elements of the Common-sense, Objectivity Trap? | The belief that "commonsense, objective solutions" to dilemmas are easy since psychologists are ethical people using this approach every time they face a dilemma: often the law is guiding our decisions (privacy & confidentiality); objectivity is difficult to come by We bring & impose our own belief system on situations, impacting objectivity |
What are the key elements of the Values Trap? | The Prominence of personal values over professional values & standards: our religious, moral or personal values may conflict with professional code. -e.g. bias against divorce may negatively influence how we work with a client in a Family Violence situation |
What are the key elements of the Circumstantiality Trap? | The Belief that there are no 'right' or 'wrong' answers to ethical dilemmas, that it is all down to circumstance. -Whereas, behaviour is often right or wrong according to professional ethical standards regardless of the circumstances under which it occurred. |
What are the key elements of the 'Who will Benefit?' Trap? | Results from confusion about Who will Benefit from a specific ethical dilemma Resolving an ethical dilemma often means taking sides among 2 or more conflicting interests The resolution of the dilemma may not always be in the clients best interest |
What are the 7 Steps employed in the Ethical Decision-Making Model? | Identify the ethical standard involved Determine the ethical trap possibilities Frame a Preliminary response Consider the consequences Prepare an ethical resolution Get Feedback Take Action |
What considerations need to be taken into account in order to identify the ethical standard involved? | What issues are involved in the scenario? What are the relevant first-level principles? Which are the relevant APS general ethical principles? What are the relevant APS specific ethical standards? Is there a legal responsibility? Consult with a clinical supervisor |
What considerations need to be taken into account in order to determine the ethical trap possibilities? | Is there a risk of falling into an Ethical Trap? If so, which one? Ensure there is clarity about the ethical principles & standards involved Must comply with the relevant ethical principles & standards |
What considerations need to be taken into account in order to Frame a Preliminary Response? | Once the dilemma is identified the clinician must decide on an appropriate course of action Consideration must be given to: what the law says should be done What the code of ethics say should be done What circumstances (if any) should influence the response A description of what an appropriate ethical response should look like |
What considerations need to be taken into account in order to Consider the Consequences? | consider the preliminary response framed in previous step in light of potential: Short term consequences: are there conflicts of interest? What are the consequences for you, & your client? Long Term Consequences: How might this response affect client, others, society, the profession? |
How does a psychologist facing an ethical dilemma ensure they appropriately Prepare an Ethical Resolution? | Turn the preliminary response into a detailed resolution addressing the following: detail the situation & circumstances ethical codes &/or laws involved follow the guidance of the code or law follow the guidance of their clinical supervisor |
How does a psychologist facing an ethical dilemma ensure they Get Appropriate Feedback? | Prior to taking action, discuss the case and proposed resolution in detail with their clinical supervisor -Give careful consideration to the feedback they received and amend their resolution to abide by this if necessary |
At what point can a psychologist facing an ethical dilemma Take Action appropriate to the needs of the particular situation? | When the psychologist is confident about their decision and has appropriately implemented the previous 6 steps of the Ethical-Decision-Making Model |