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Back to AI Flashcard MakerPsychology /Psychological - Lecture 7 Revision based on Clare's Summary Slide Catherine

Psychological - Lecture 7 Revision based on Clare's Summary Slide Catherine

Psychology9 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

The four main theories of personality are the Psychoanalytic, Social-Cognitive, Type, and Trait approaches. Each explains personality from different perspectives — focusing on unconscious motives, learned behaviors, personality categories, and measurable traits, respectively.

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What are the 4 main Theories of Personality?

The 4 Main Theories of Personality are:

  • The Psychoanalytic Approach

  • The Social-Cognitive Approach

  • The Type Approach

  • The Trait Approach

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What are the 4 main Theories of Personality?

The 4 Main Theories of Personality are:

  • The Psychoanalytic Approach

  • The Social-Cognitive Approach

  • The T...

What are the main aspects of the Psychoanalytic Approach as it relates to testing?

This approach emphasises childhood experience & the unconscious in motivating human actions

  • Uses Projective Methods or Techniques...

What are the main aspects of the Social-Cognitive Approach as it relates to testing?

The Social-Cognitive Theory is grounded in both behaviourism & cognition -Reciprocal Determinism is core concept and is concerned with the inte...

What are the main aspects of the Type Approach as it relates to testing?

The Type Approach came from the Psycho-dynamic Approach

  • Personality is basically a classification system

  • e.g. Myers-Br...

What are the main aspects of the Trait Approach as it relates to testing?

  • Individuals differ from one another in terms of distinguishable, stable, consistently expressed characteristics

  • e.g. The Fiv...

What are the main Personality measures or tests?

Trait: MMPI, CPI, 16-PF, NEO-PI, *EPI/EPQ

Type:
*Myers-Briggs

So...

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Psychological - Lecture 7 Revision based on Clare's Summary Slide Catherine
TermDefinition

What are the 4 main Theories of Personality?

The 4 Main Theories of Personality are:

  • The Psychoanalytic Approach

  • The Social-Cognitive Approach

  • The Type Approach

  • The Trait Approach

What are the main aspects of the Psychoanalytic Approach as it relates to testing?

This approach emphasises childhood experience & the unconscious in motivating human actions

  • Uses Projective Methods or Techniques

  • Though disclosing their conscious/unconscious needs, desires, impulses, the individual supplies the structure to the unstructured stimuli

What are the main aspects of the Social-Cognitive Approach as it relates to testing?

The Social-Cognitive Theory is grounded in both behaviourism & cognition -Reciprocal Determinism is core concept and is concerned with the interaction between behaviour, person and environment

What are the main aspects of the Type Approach as it relates to testing?

The Type Approach came from the Psycho-dynamic Approach

  • Personality is basically a classification system

  • e.g. Myers-Briggs Type Inventory; Type A & B; Holland’s Self Directed Search; Hippocrates (melancholic, phlegmatic, choleric & sanguine)

What are the main aspects of the Trait Approach as it relates to testing?

  • Individuals differ from one another in terms of distinguishable, stable, consistently expressed characteristics

  • e.g. The Five Factor OCEAN Model

  • Measures: NEO-PI-R; Cattel’s 16 Factor; Eysenck Personality Inventory

What are the main Personality measures or tests?

Trait: MMPI, CPI, 16-PF, NEO-PI, *EPI/EPQ

Type:
*Myers-Briggs

Social-Cognitive:
*Seligman Attributional Style Questionnaire

Psychoanalytic Approach:
*Projective Techniques

What are the structured methods of assessment within the Trait Method?

MMPI

The California Psychological Inventory

Cattells 16PF Test

NEO-PI (OCEAN)

Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI)

What are the structured methods of assessment within the Psychoanalytic Approach?

Projective Tests: Drawings, Rorschach ink blots, Thematic Apperception Tests

Assessment techniques:
reveal unconscious “psychic” material
test-takers are unaware of purpose of test
Low Face Validity

What are the structured methods of assessment within the Social-Cognitive Approach?

Seligman Attributional Style Questionnaire (SASQ):

Optimism vs. Pessimism
learned optimism!
12 Hypothetical events

Instructions - Imagine situation

Decide on CAUSE
answer 3 questions about CAUSE
answer 1 question about SITUATION
Reliability

Internal Consistency - 0.72 - 0.75
Test-retest - 0.58 - 0.70
Validity = moderate