Psychological - Lecture 7 Revision based on Clare's Summary Slide Catherine
The four main theories of personality include the Psychoanalytic, Social-Cognitive, Type, and Trait approaches. Each offers a different perspective on how personality develops and influences behavior, from unconscious drives to learned patterns and stable traits.
What are the 4 main Theories of Personality?
The 4 Main Theories of Personality are:
The Psychoanalytic Approach
The Social-Cognitive Approach
The Type Approach
The Trait Approach
Key Terms
What are the 4 main Theories of Personality?
The 4 Main Theories of Personality are:
The Psychoanalytic Approach
The Social-Cognitive Approach
The Type Approach
The Tra...
What are the main aspects of the Psychoanalytic Approach as it relates to testing?
This approach emphasises childhood experience & the unconscious in motivating human actions
Uses Projective Methods or Techniques
T...
What are the main aspects of the Social-Cognitive Approach as it relates to testing?
The Social-Cognitive Theory is grounded in both behaviourism & cognition -Reciprocal Determinism is core concept and is concerned with the inte...
What are the main aspects of the Type Approach as it relates to testing?
The Type Approach came from the Psycho-dynamic Approach
Personality is basically a classification system
e.g. Myers-Briggs Type Invento...
What are the main aspects of the Trait Approach as it relates to testing?
Individuals differ from one another in terms of distinguishable, stable, consistently expressed characteristics
e.g. The Five Factor OCEAN Mo...
What are the main Personality measures or tests?
Trait: MMPI, CPI, 16-PF, NEO-PI, *EPI/EPQ
Type:
*Myers-Briggs
Social-Cognitive:
*Seligman Attributional S...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are the 4 main Theories of Personality? | The 4 Main Theories of Personality are: The Psychoanalytic Approach The Social-Cognitive Approach The Type Approach The Trait Approach |
What are the main aspects of the Psychoanalytic Approach as it relates to testing? | This approach emphasises childhood experience & the unconscious in motivating human actions Uses Projective Methods or Techniques Though disclosing their conscious/unconscious needs, desires, impulses, the individual supplies the structure to the unstructured stimuli |
What are the main aspects of the Social-Cognitive Approach as it relates to testing? | The Social-Cognitive Theory is grounded in both behaviourism & cognition -Reciprocal Determinism is core concept and is concerned with the interaction between behaviour, person and environment |
What are the main aspects of the Type Approach as it relates to testing? | The Type Approach came from the Psycho-dynamic Approach Personality is basically a classification system e.g. Myers-Briggs Type Inventory; Type A & B; Holland’s Self Directed Search; Hippocrates (melancholic, phlegmatic, choleric & sanguine) |
What are the main aspects of the Trait Approach as it relates to testing? | Individuals differ from one another in terms of distinguishable, stable, consistently expressed characteristics e.g. The Five Factor OCEAN Model Measures: NEO-PI-R; Cattel’s 16 Factor; Eysenck Personality Inventory |
What are the main Personality measures or tests? | Trait: MMPI, CPI, 16-PF, NEO-PI, *EPI/EPQ Type: *Myers-Briggs Social-Cognitive: *Seligman Attributional Style Questionnaire Psychoanalytic Approach: *Projective Techniques |
What are the structured methods of assessment within the Trait Method? | MMPI The California Psychological Inventory Cattells 16PF Test NEO-PI (OCEAN) Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) |
What are the structured methods of assessment within the Psychoanalytic Approach? | Projective Tests: Drawings, Rorschach ink blots, Thematic Apperception Tests Assessment techniques: reveal unconscious “psychic” material test-takers are unaware of purpose of test Low Face Validity |
What are the structured methods of assessment within the Social-Cognitive Approach? | Seligman Attributional Style Questionnaire (SASQ): Optimism vs. Pessimism learned optimism! 12 Hypothetical events Instructions - Imagine situation Decide on CAUSE answer 3 questions about CAUSE answer 1 question about SITUATION Reliability Internal Consistency - 0.72 - 0.75 Test-retest - 0.58 - 0.70 Validity = moderate |