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Psychological Testing: Abnormal Psychology

Psychology75 CardsCreated about 2 months ago

This flashcard set introduces key psychological theories and foundational concepts, including the origin of psychoanalytic theory by Freud, the behaviorist focus on observable behavior, the meaning of "diathesis" in psychopathology, and basic neuroanatomy involving the synapse.

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by?

Sigmund Freud

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by?

Sigmund Freud

That only obeservable behaviour should be studied is the approach suggested by what school of thought in psychology?

Behaviourism

What is the meaning of the word diathesis?

A predisposition toward developing a disorder

What is the name of the space between neurons over which impulses travel from one neuron to another?

The synapse

Psychoanalysts view psychological problems as?

Rooted in early childhood experiences and unconscious conflicts

All of the following are examples of disturbances in neurotransmitters systems EXCEPT?

A neurotransmitter may be malformed

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TermDefinition

Psychoanalytic theory was developed by?

Sigmund Freud

That only obeservable behaviour should be studied is the approach suggested by what school of thought in psychology?

Behaviourism

What is the meaning of the word diathesis?

A predisposition toward developing a disorder

What is the name of the space between neurons over which impulses travel from one neuron to another?

The synapse

Psychoanalysts view psychological problems as?

Rooted in early childhood experiences and unconscious conflicts

All of the following are examples of disturbances in neurotransmitters systems EXCEPT?

A neurotransmitter may be malformed

Which of the following is NOT a brain imagining technique?*

ECT

`What mental disorder is thought to involve too much dopamine activity

schizophrenia

The part of the brain that plays a role in sensation and controls basic biological urges such as eating, drinking, and sexual activity is the

Hypothalamus

Which of the following terms refers to the idea that a psychological disorder may have several different causes?

Interactionist

Another term for the study of the causes of mental disorders is

etiology

What is the diagnostic system used by the American Psychiatric Association?

Diagnostic and Satistical Manual- lV

What axis/axes are used to dianose most personality disorders and clinical syndromes?

Axis l and ll

Critics of the DSM system have often claimed that is relies too heavily on the _____________ model of abnormal behaviour?

Medical

Axis Vof the DSM measures

Global Functioning

How many axes are employed in the multiaxial system of the DSM-lV-TR?

5

Which disorder is marked by severe debilitaion in thinking and perception?

Schizophrenia

The DSM-lV-TR can be characterized as

Descriptive and atheretical, it describes symptoms of abnormal behaviours rather than attemptinng to explain their origins

The co-occurence of two seemingly discrete disorders is known as__________

Comorbidity

Which of the following does NOT refer to an arguement against the kind of diagnosis used in the DSM?

The whole process is inheently unreliable

As a new edition of the DSM is being developed there is a position which advocates a new approach known as______

Dimensional

In order for a test to have______ validity it must include a representitive sample of behaviours thought to be related to the construct being measured?

Content

A way of looking at brain structure that uses X-ray is

CT


The Rorschach test is a psychological test that uses inkblots to

Reveal aspects of a persons personality

The first method of looking at brain function was the__

CT

Some behaviourists ask individuals to keep track of their own behaviours, thoughts, emotions, etc., in a process known as

Self-monitoring

What is the most widely used personality inventory?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2

All of the following are scales on the MMPI EXCEPT

Projection

In a correlational study the statistic most commonly used is the

r value

In this type of study subjects are not randomly assigned because a scientist is observing the results of naturally occuring behaviour

quasi-experiment

What cognitive factor, even if it is simply perceived and not real, can dramatically reduce the levels of anxiety reported by patients?

Control

Twin studies and family studies indicate that some people develop panic disorders because of what?

Inherited predispositions

Psychological interventions used in treating certain types of anxiety disorders include which of the following?

Systematic desensitization
relaxation techniques
cognitive therapy including decatastrophisizing

The DSM-lV-TR includes all of the following as subtypes of specific phobia EXCEPT?

People

All of the following are examples of "culture-bound syndromes" EXCEPT

Angst

Currently generalized anxiety disorder is considered to be primarily_ in nature

Cognitive

In OCD the belief that having a particular thought is the moral equivalent of a particular action is known as

Moral thought-action fusion

In panic disorder the initial panic attacks occur

Unexpectedly

A model of the cause of anxiety disorders that suggests that evolution has endowed humans with a tendency to respond fearfully to a select group of stimuli is known as the_ model?

nonassociative

Tricia performs elaborate rituals involved in washing her hands repeatedly throughout the day, but still feels her hands are contaminated with germs. Her hand-washing rituals are best described as__

Compulsions

At present, dissociative disorders are characterized by

Alterations of identity, memory, and consciousness

Leanne experiences the sudden feeling of being detached from herself. The term best suited to describe her experience is

deperonalization

Which of the following matches is incorrect?

Depersonalization disorder: presence of two or more personalities

A disorder in which people are induced by therapists to remember events that have never occured is referred to as

false memory syndrome

Wendy feels as though she is outside her body, observing her own behaviour. This experience is a symptom of

repressed memory

is the DSM-lV label for the disorder in which certain aspects of a person's identity become detached or dissociated; it was formerly known as_

Dissociative identity disorder; multiple personality disorder

The different unique personalities in an individual diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder are often referred to as

Alters

Which of the following is NOT a somatoform disorder in the DSM-lV-TR?

Depersonalization

Heather is deliberately faking symptoms of illness in order to gain attention of doctors. This behaviour is best described by the term

Factitiour disorder

Sandra is experiencing a loss of vision for which her doctor can find no physical cause. The term best suited to describing her condition is

conversion disorder

In somatization disorder, patients usually attributes their symptoms to

medical problems

In conversion disorder

Symptoms are observed in voluntary motor or sensory functions that suggest neurological causes, but these cannot be comfirmed

The term la belle indifference refers to

the lack of worry patients with conversion disorder display about their symptoms

The DSM-lV-TR provides for a diagnosis of pain disorder

regardless of whether the patient also suffers from some medical condition

There is some similaity between hypochondriasis and

Panic disorder

Which of the following represents an overconcern about serious disease?

Hypochonriasis

Joe is excessively preoccupied with the shape of his nose, and through he has had plastic surgery serveral times in order to alter its apperance, reamins dissatisfied. Joe is most likely suffering from which of the following

Body dysmorphic disorder

Enduring states of feeling that color our physchological lives are called

Moods

Disturbances in mood that are serious enough to impair daily functionsing are called

Mood disorders


Disorders such as depression and dysthymia are___ in anture

unipolar

Mood disorders, which involve mood swings from one extreme to another, are considered


bipolar


Major depression cannot be diagnosed if a person shows a history of_

Mania

To be diagnosed with a major depressive episode, one experiences ethier depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in all things for a period atleast

Two weeks

A state of unusual elation, energy, and activity is known as


mania

A realively mild state of mania is

hypomania

Family physicians have a tendency to

refer their depressed patients to mental health professionals

Women are about nearly_ times as likely as men to experience major depressive disorder during their lifetimes

Two

Each of the following is true of major depressive disorder EXCEPT

Fewer than half of those who suffer an initial major depressive episode will eventually have a recurrence

Which of the follwoing people is LEAST likely to develop major depression

an older, wealthy, married person

Factors that place people at increased risk of developing major depression include all of the following EXCEPT

Religion

Compared to women, men are_ likely to report depression and__ likely to seek treatment for it.

Less, Less

Seasonal affective disorder is a subtype of____

major depressive disorder

Postpartum "blues" typically last about

2 or 3 days

During a manic episode, bipolar people almost always show a decreased need for_

sleep

The random assignment of subjects, an experimental group, a control group, and an independent variable would suggest

an experimental study