Psychological Testing: Abnormal Psychology
This flashcard set introduces key psychological theories and foundational concepts, including the origin of psychoanalytic theory by Freud, the behaviorist focus on observable behavior, the meaning of "diathesis" in psychopathology, and basic neuroanatomy involving the synapse.
Psychoanalytic theory was developed by?
Sigmund Freud
Key Terms
Psychoanalytic theory was developed by?
Sigmund Freud
That only obeservable behaviour should be studied is the approach suggested by what school of thought in psychology?
Behaviourism
What is the meaning of the word diathesis?
A predisposition toward developing a disorder
What is the name of the space between neurons over which impulses travel from one neuron to another?
The synapse
Psychoanalysts view psychological problems as?
Rooted in early childhood experiences and unconscious conflicts
All of the following are examples of disturbances in neurotransmitters systems EXCEPT?
A neurotransmitter may be malformed
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Psychoanalytic theory was developed by? | Sigmund Freud |
That only obeservable behaviour should be studied is the approach suggested by what school of thought in psychology? | Behaviourism |
What is the meaning of the word diathesis? | A predisposition toward developing a disorder |
What is the name of the space between neurons over which impulses travel from one neuron to another? | The synapse |
Psychoanalysts view psychological problems as? | Rooted in early childhood experiences and unconscious conflicts |
All of the following are examples of disturbances in neurotransmitters systems EXCEPT? | A neurotransmitter may be malformed |
Which of the following is NOT a brain imagining technique?* | ECT |
`What mental disorder is thought to involve too much dopamine activity | schizophrenia |
The part of the brain that plays a role in sensation and controls basic biological urges such as eating, drinking, and sexual activity is the | Hypothalamus |
Which of the following terms refers to the idea that a psychological disorder may have several different causes? | Interactionist |
Another term for the study of the causes of mental disorders is | etiology |
What is the diagnostic system used by the American Psychiatric Association? | Diagnostic and Satistical Manual- lV |
What axis/axes are used to dianose most personality disorders and clinical syndromes? | Axis l and ll |
Critics of the DSM system have often claimed that is relies too heavily on the _____________ model of abnormal behaviour? | Medical |
Axis Vof the DSM measures | Global Functioning |
How many axes are employed in the multiaxial system of the DSM-lV-TR? | 5 |
Which disorder is marked by severe debilitaion in thinking and perception? | Schizophrenia |
The DSM-lV-TR can be characterized as | Descriptive and atheretical, it describes symptoms of abnormal behaviours rather than attemptinng to explain their origins |
The co-occurence of two seemingly discrete disorders is known as__________ | Comorbidity |
Which of the following does NOT refer to an arguement against the kind of diagnosis used in the DSM? | The whole process is inheently unreliable |
As a new edition of the DSM is being developed there is a position which advocates a new approach known as______ | Dimensional |
In order for a test to have______ validity it must include a representitive sample of behaviours thought to be related to the construct being measured? | Content |
A way of looking at brain structure that uses X-ray is | CT |
| Reveal aspects of a persons personality |
The first method of looking at brain function was the__ | CT |
Some behaviourists ask individuals to keep track of their own behaviours, thoughts, emotions, etc., in a process known as | Self-monitoring |
What is the most widely used personality inventory? | Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 |
All of the following are scales on the MMPI EXCEPT | Projection |
In a correlational study the statistic most commonly used is the | r value |
In this type of study subjects are not randomly assigned because a scientist is observing the results of naturally occuring behaviour | quasi-experiment |
What cognitive factor, even if it is simply perceived and not real, can dramatically reduce the levels of anxiety reported by patients? | Control |
Twin studies and family studies indicate that some people develop panic disorders because of what? | Inherited predispositions |
Psychological interventions used in treating certain types of anxiety disorders include which of the following? | Systematic desensitization |
The DSM-lV-TR includes all of the following as subtypes of specific phobia EXCEPT? | People |
All of the following are examples of "culture-bound syndromes" EXCEPT | Angst |
Currently generalized anxiety disorder is considered to be primarily_ in nature | Cognitive |
In OCD the belief that having a particular thought is the moral equivalent of a particular action is known as | Moral thought-action fusion |
In panic disorder the initial panic attacks occur | Unexpectedly |
A model of the cause of anxiety disorders that suggests that evolution has endowed humans with a tendency to respond fearfully to a select group of stimuli is known as the_ model? | nonassociative |
Tricia performs elaborate rituals involved in washing her hands repeatedly throughout the day, but still feels her hands are contaminated with germs. Her hand-washing rituals are best described as__ | Compulsions |
At present, dissociative disorders are characterized by | Alterations of identity, memory, and consciousness |
Leanne experiences the sudden feeling of being detached from herself. The term best suited to describe her experience is | deperonalization |
Which of the following matches is incorrect? | Depersonalization disorder: presence of two or more personalities |
A disorder in which people are induced by therapists to remember events that have never occured is referred to as | false memory syndrome |
Wendy feels as though she is outside her body, observing her own behaviour. This experience is a symptom of | repressed memory |
is the DSM-lV label for the disorder in which certain aspects of a person's identity become detached or dissociated; it was formerly known as_ | Dissociative identity disorder; multiple personality disorder |
The different unique personalities in an individual diagnosed with dissociative identity disorder are often referred to as | Alters |
Which of the following is NOT a somatoform disorder in the DSM-lV-TR? | Depersonalization |
Heather is deliberately faking symptoms of illness in order to gain attention of doctors. This behaviour is best described by the term | Factitiour disorder |
Sandra is experiencing a loss of vision for which her doctor can find no physical cause. The term best suited to describing her condition is | conversion disorder |
In somatization disorder, patients usually attributes their symptoms to | medical problems |
In conversion disorder | Symptoms are observed in voluntary motor or sensory functions that suggest neurological causes, but these cannot be comfirmed |
The term la belle indifference refers to | the lack of worry patients with conversion disorder display about their symptoms |
The DSM-lV-TR provides for a diagnosis of pain disorder | regardless of whether the patient also suffers from some medical condition |
There is some similaity between hypochondriasis and | Panic disorder |
Which of the following represents an overconcern about serious disease? | Hypochonriasis |
Joe is excessively preoccupied with the shape of his nose, and through he has had plastic surgery serveral times in order to alter its apperance, reamins dissatisfied. Joe is most likely suffering from which of the following | Body dysmorphic disorder |
Enduring states of feeling that color our physchological lives are called | Moods |
Disturbances in mood that are serious enough to impair daily functionsing are called | Mood disorders |
Disorders such as depression and dysthymia are___ in anture | unipolar |
Mood disorders, which involve mood swings from one extreme to another, are considered | bipolar |
Major depression cannot be diagnosed if a person shows a history of_ | Mania |
To be diagnosed with a major depressive episode, one experiences ethier depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in all things for a period atleast | Two weeks |
A state of unusual elation, energy, and activity is known as | mania |
A realively mild state of mania is | hypomania |
Family physicians have a tendency to | refer their depressed patients to mental health professionals |
Women are about nearly_ times as likely as men to experience major depressive disorder during their lifetimes | Two |
Each of the following is true of major depressive disorder EXCEPT | Fewer than half of those who suffer an initial major depressive episode will eventually have a recurrence |
Which of the follwoing people is LEAST likely to develop major depression | an older, wealthy, married person |
Factors that place people at increased risk of developing major depression include all of the following EXCEPT | Religion |
Compared to women, men are_ likely to report depression and__ likely to seek treatment for it. | Less, Less |
Seasonal affective disorder is a subtype of____ | major depressive disorder |
Postpartum "blues" typically last about | 2 or 3 days |
During a manic episode, bipolar people almost always show a decreased need for_ | sleep |
The random assignment of subjects, an experimental group, a control group, and an independent variable would suggest | an experimental study |